大学化学 >> 2019, Vol. 34 >> Issue (1): 92-97.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201804041

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强电解质稀溶液的依数性公式导出及实验验证

陈美婷,顾聪,姚喆,陈飞武*(),张恒建,熊楚强   

  • 收稿日期:2018-04-30 发布日期:2019-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 陈飞武 E-mail:chenfeiwu@ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京科技大学研究型示范教学项目

Derivation and Experimental Verification of Colligative Equations of Dilute Strong Electrolyte Solution

Meiting CHEN,Cong GU,Zhe YAO,Feiwu CHEN*(),Hengjian ZHANG,Chuqiang XIONG   

  • Received:2018-04-30 Published:2019-01-16
  • Contact: Feiwu CHEN E-mail:chenfeiwu@ustb.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    北京科技大学研究型示范教学项目

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摘要：

讨论了强电解质稀溶液的依数性，即凝固点降低、沸点升高和渗透压。以稀溶液的凝固点降低为例，利用Gibbs-Duhem公式，推导了强电解质稀溶液的凝固点降低公式，并利用NaCl水溶液的凝固点降低实验验证了该公式的正确性。

关键词: 强电解质, 稀溶液, 依数性, 凝固点降低, 沸点升高, 渗透压

Abstract:

Colligative properties of dilute strong electrolyte solution, i.e., freezing point depression, boiling point elevation and osmotic pressure, are discussed. As an example, the freezing point depression equation of dilute strong electrolyte solution is derived with the help of Gibbs-Duhem equation. This equation is verified with the freezing point depression experiments of aqueous sodium chloride solutions.

Key words: Strong electrolyte, Dilute solution, Colligative property, Freezing point depression, Boiling point elevation, Osmotic pressure

MSC2000: 

  • G64