大学化学 >> 2022, Vol. 37 >> Issue (1): 2103052.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202103052

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中国古代热力发展简史

艾琳(), 刘志荣()   

  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 录用日期:2021-04-07 发布日期:2021-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 艾琳,刘志荣 E-mail:501326580@qq.com;LiuZhiRong@pku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:Emails: LiuZhiRong@pku.edu.cn (刘志荣)
    Emails: 501326580@qq.com (艾琳)
  • 基金资助:
    北京大学2020年教材建设立项资助（刘志荣，《统计热力学》，北京大学出版社）

Brief History of Thermal Techniques in Ancient China

Irene Ai(), Zhirong Liu()   

  • Received:2021-03-22 Accepted:2021-04-07 Published:2021-04-28
  • Contact: Irene Ai,Zhirong Liu E-mail:501326580@qq.com;LiuZhiRong@pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

在漫长的历史岁月中，人类的每一次跨越，每一次进步，都有一只强劲的命运之手——热力，在不断引导着人类前进的轨迹，在启迪、激荡着人类参悟科技的玄机。中国古代的热力技术曾长时间处于世界领先地位。中国人对热力的探索有着世界其他国家无法比拟的悠久历史，创造了灿烂辉煌的成就，为中华文明和世界文明做出了重要的贡献，值得我们骄傲。但由于封建社会的封闭性和人们思维方式的保守性，排斥外来科学文化的冲击，再加上研究方法的不科学性，使得中国的热力技术与科学在近现代开始落后于西方，这是一件非常遗憾的事。本文回溯了中华文明在茫茫历史长河中不断与热力的探索、交锋的历史，梳理了中国热力发展的脉络。

关键词: 热, 热力, 热力技术, 热力学, 古代中国

Abstract:

In the long history of human beings, for every leap and progress, there is a strong hand of destiny behind-heat, which constantly guiding the path of civilization and inspiring the understanding of thermal science and technology. The thermal technologies of ancient China was in the leading position in the world for a long time. The Chinese people's exploration of heat has created great achievements and made essential contributions to the human civilization, which is really worthy of our pride. However, due to the closeness of feudal society and the conservatism of people's way of thinking, the rejection of the impact of foreign science and culture, and the unscientific research methods, China's thermal technology and science began to lag behind the West in modern times, which is a very regrettable thing. This paper briefly reviews the history of Chinese civilization's constant exploration and confrontation with heat in the history.

Key words: Heat, Heating power, Thermal techniques, Thermodynamics, Ancient China