浅谈中国化学会《有机化合物命名原则2017》的教学要点

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX201906039

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper compared the "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017" of Chinese Chemical Society with the 1980 edition. The concept, meaning as well as the importance in nomenclature of organic compounds of parent hydride and characteristic group are clarified by giving examples. The principles and methods to identify the parent hydride and major characteristic groups for nomenclature of organic compounds are summarized. The general steps for nomenclature of various organic compounds are clarified. The practice of "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017" of Chinese Chemical Society is explained with examples.

Key words: Organic chemistry, Nomenclature, Parent hydride, Characteristic groups, Teaching

MSC2000:

Yue Shen, Xiaorui Li. Discussion on Key Points in Teaching "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017" of Chinese Chemical Society[J].University Chemistry, 2020, 35(7): 130-141.

Figures/Tables 22

References 10

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结构	名称
CH₃―	甲基 methyl
CH₃CH₂―	乙基 ethyl
(CH₃)₂CH―	异丙基，丙-2-基 isopropyl, prop-2-yl
(CH₃)₃C―	叔丁基，1, 1-二甲基乙基 tert-butyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl
CH₂＝CH―	乙烯基 vinyl
CH≡C―	乙炔基 ethynyl
	萘-2-基 2-naphthyl
―COOH	羧基 carboxyl
―OH	羟基 hydroxyl
―N(CH₃)	二甲氨基 dimethylamino
―CH₂―	甲叉基 methanediyl
	乙-1, 1-叉基 ethane-1, 1-diyl
―CH₂CH₂―	乙-2-叉基 ethane-1, 2-diyl
	丙-2, 2-叉基 prop-2, 2-diyl
	苯-1, 4-叉基 1, 4-phenylene
CH₂＝	甲亚基 methylidene
CH₃CH＝	乙亚基 ethylidene
CH₃CH₂CH＝	丙-1-亚基 propan-1-idene
(CH₃)₂C＝	丙-2-亚基 propan-2-idene
O＝	氧亚基 oxo
	甲爪基 methanetriyl
	甲基亚基 methanylylidene
≡CH	甲次基 methylidyne
	乙-1, 1, 1-爪基 ethane-1, 1, 1-triyl
	乙-1, 1, 2-爪基 ethane-1, 1, 2-triyl
—CH₂—CH=	乙-2-基-1-亚基 ethane-2-yl-1-ylidene
	乙-1-基-1-亚基 ethane-1-yl-1-ylidene
CH₃C≡	乙次基 ethylidyne

化合物结构	母体结构	前缀或后缀	化合物系统命名名称
	丙烷(propane) 母体氢化物	―CH₃ 取代基，只能作前缀	2-甲基丙烷 2methylpropane
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Br	CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂―H 丁烷(butane) 母体氢化物	―Br 只能作前缀的特性基团	1-溴(代)丁烷 1-bromopropane
	丁烷(butane) 母体氢化物	―OH 特性基团，作后缀	丁(烷)-2-醇 Butan-2-ol
	苯酚(phenol) 官能性母体	―NH₂ 特性基团，作前缀	4-氨基苯酚 4-aminophenol

化合物类别	特性基团	作前缀时名称	作后缀时名称	帮助记忆“顺口溜”
羧酸	―COOH	羧基	酸；甲酸^*	羧酸、磺酸、酸酐、酯,酰卤、酰胺、有机腈,醛基、酮基、醇羟基,酚、巯、氨基、烷氧基,烷基、卤素和硝基。前面的优先作主体,排在后面是取代基。
磺酸	―SO₃H	磺酸基	磺酸
酸酐		－	酸酐
酯	―COOR	(烃)氧羰基-	酸(烃)基酯；甲酸(烃)基酯^*
酰卤		卤羰基	酰卤；甲酰卤^*
酰胺		氨基羰基	酰胺；甲酰胺^*
腈	―C≡N	氰基	腈
醛	―CHO	甲酰基	醛
酮	＝O	氧亚基	酮
醇	―OH	羟基	醇
酚	―OH	羟基	酚
硫醇、硫酚	―SH	巯基	硫醇、硫酚
胺	―NH₂	氨基	胺
醚	―OR	烃氧基	－
硫醚	―SR	烃硫基	－
卤化物	―X	卤-	－
硝基化合物	―NO₂	硝基-	－

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Discussion on Key Points in Teaching "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017" of Chinese Chemical Society

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