无机化学“课程思政”教学设计案例研究——以绪论教学为例

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202101033

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to implement President Xi's speech on the national conference of ideological and political work in universities, and build a collaborative education mode of ideological and political theory course in the same direction with all kinds of courses, the important practice about utilizing the classroom teaching to educate students has been investigated. In this paper, an example of instructional design about integrating the intellectual education and moral education in the introduction section of inorganic chemistry is discussed, including the setup of learning goal, the selection and presentation of teaching content and development of teaching activities.

Key words: Course ideology and politics, Teaching cases, Inorganic chemistry, Introduction class

Zhanying Ma, Guang Fan, Fengqin Gao, Weixia Xu, Yinli Zhang. Instructional Design Case Study on the Curriculum Politics in Inorganic Chemistry: Teaching the Introduction as an Example[J].University Chemistry, 2021, 36(12): 2101033.

Figures/Tables 3

序号	实例
①	合成纤维的出现极大地满足了人类对衣着的需求。如果没有合成纤维，将有约50%的人口无法解决“温”的问题！
②	民以食为天。利用化学技术生产化肥和农药，可使粮食增产。如果没有哈伯在1909年发明的合成氨技术，世界粮食产量至少要减产一半。烹饪使用的食品添加剂(甜味剂、防腐剂、香料、味精等)是用化学合成方法或化学分离方法制成的。
③	所有建筑中使用的塑料管道、涂料、门窗、油漆等都是高分子化学材料。我国古建筑的维护离不开化学。通过化学的方法可达到防腐、防虫、防火、防潮与除草、防油漆老化以及加固、增加强度的目的。
④	汽车、高铁、飞机等交通工具运行所需要的动力来自于燃料燃烧所发生的化学反应。神州6号实现了载人航天梦，神州6号所使用的燃料，离不开化学燃料技术的进步。
⑤	解开了生物发光之谜，昆虫体内存在两类化学物质，一类被称作荧光素，另一类被称为三磷酸腺苷，荧光素和三磷酸腺苷发生反应后的产物在遇到氧气后就会发光。
⑥	利用化学合成药物。紫杉醇是目前市面上最有效的抗癌药物之一，20世纪60年代研究人员从太平洋紫衫中首次提取并对其进行药理活性测试后发现紫杉醇具有抗癌效果。但是一味地从紫衫中提取紫杉醇将导致太平洋紫杉面临灭绝。1994年，美国佛罗里达大学的化学家霍尔顿提出了在实验室合成紫杉醇的方法。化学合成药物的发展，使人类寿命延长了近1倍。
⑦	石墨烯传递电子的速率非常快，可应用于电容器、触摸屏材料、超轻防弹衣、超薄超轻型飞机材料等。
⑧	“化学与奥运之约”	“奥运火炬”：火炬接力需要考虑天气因素的影响，对燃料要求极高，无论是狂风暴雨还是朗朗晴空，都要使火炬持续燃烧且火苗清晰可见。2008年北京奥运会“祥云”号火炬，使用的燃料为丙烷(C₃H₈)，可满足特殊天气的要求。
		“发令枪”：比赛时，发令枪一响，会产生白色烟雾，为什么？这是因为发令枪所用的“火药纸”里含有KClO₃和P(红磷)两种药粉，经撞击即发生剧烈反应而发出响声。产物P₂O₅白色小颗粒吸收空气中的水，而产生烟。
		“医疗队的灵丹妙药”：运动员在激烈比赛时难免会发生踢伤或摔伤事故，非常疼痛。医疗队会提一个小壶在运动员受伤部位喷几下，然后揉搓、按摩。多数运动员当时又能回到赛场。医疗队用了什么灵丹妙药呢？是氯乙烷(C₂H₅Cl，具有挥发性，可使皮肤表面温度骤然下降，知觉减退，起到镇痛和局部麻醉的作用)。
		“神秘的白色粉末”：举重运动员和体操运动员比赛前将手伸入盛有一种白色粉末的盆中，来回摩擦掌心。这种白色粉末是MgCO₃粉末(具有吸湿性，可以增加手掌心与器械之间的摩擦系数)。
⑨	化学与新冠肺炎	“常用消毒液”：75%乙醇可使蛋白质变性，可用于有效灭活新型冠状病毒，但由于乙醇具有易燃性，使用时应远离火源。84消毒液，主要成分为NaClO，具有强氧化性，可将微生物氧化而使其丧失机能、无法繁殖。
		“医用口罩主要材料”：超细聚丙烯纤维熔喷材料可有效阻隔过滤细菌病毒。

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Instructional Design Case Study on the Curriculum Politics in Inorganic Chemistry: Teaching the Introduction as an Example

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