Abstract:

The kinetic features of the nitration reaction of aromatic compounds were discussed. The structure dependence of the rate-determining step and therefore the rate equation is derived. Based on these discussions, the influential factors of nitration reaction are analyzed and the reaction conditions are optimized. For addition of dehydration agent, the possible mechanism is proposed based on which this rate equation and optimal conditions are discussed. This can be used as a good case for case-study for application of the principle of physical chemistry in organic chemistry so as to deepen the students' understanding of condition optimization.

Key words: Aromatic nitration reaction, Reaction mechanism, Reaction kinetics, Influence factors