Abstract:

The thermodynamic equation includes basic thermodynamic equations, the thermodynamic state equations, and Gibbs-Helmholtz equations. In this paper, we derived the other thermodynamic state equations which are rarely mentioned in physical chemistry teaching materials. At the same time, we emphasized the systematic characteristics and the completeness of the thermodynamic theory. Furthermore, the application of surface chemistry was concluded from the first Gibbs-Helmholtz equations. Finally, we emphasized the relations between the characteristic variables and the reaction conditions.

Key words: Maxwell′s relations, Characteristic variable, Basic thermodynamic equation, Thermodynamic state equation, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation