在防疫抗疫中大显身手的高分子材料

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202008089

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Bangkun Jin, Pingping Zhu. Some Distinguished Polymer Materials Used in COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention[J].University Chemistry, 2020, 35(12): 64-70.

Figures/Tables 8

References 13

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6	刘玉军. 纺粘和熔喷非织造布手册, 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 2014.
7	赵永霞. 纺织导报, 2008, (10), 39.
8	一款独特的无纺布科技材料.[2020-08-01]. https://www.dupont.cn/tyvek/what-is-tyvek.html.
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10	徐炽焕. 江苏化工, 2000, (28), 26.
11	郑媛,兰泉,冯红艳,吴炜鹏,朱平平.大学化学, 2021, in press. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202003052
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无纺布类型	纺粘无纺布(Spunbond)	熔喷无纺布(Meltblown)
生产工艺示意图^[3]
纤维直径^{[4, 5]}	20–25 μm	1–3 μm
高分子结构特征^[6]	分子量大，结晶度较高；连续长丝纤维，取向度较高	分子量较小，结晶度不高；短纤维，长短不一，取向性不强
纤维黏结方式^[6]	热粘合、针刺、水刺	自身热粘合
无纺布性质	孔隙大，但手感不好；力学强度高、断裂伸长率大，耐磨性好	孔隙小、结构蓬松，手感柔软；力学强度低，易碎、耐磨性差

品种	合成方法	分子链结构	分子链示意图	密度/ (g∙cm^-3)	结晶度	力学性能	最高使用温度/℃	数字标识
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)	Ziegler配位聚合，低压	基本线形，只有少量的短支链		0.94–0.97	85%–95%	强度高、韧性好、刚性强	110–130
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)	自由基聚合，高压	大量长支链和短支链		0.91–0.935	50%–55%	力学强度较差，延展性好	80–90
线形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)	Ziegler配位聚合，乙烯与少量α-烯烃的共聚物	没有长支链，短支链数量与LDPE短支链数目相当		0.91–0.94	两者之间	较高的强度和韧性	95–105

材料种类	密度/(g∙cm^-3)	光透过率/%	折射率	缺口冲击值/(J∙cm^-1)
聚碳酸酯PC	1.2	87–89	1.59	800–1000
无机玻璃	2.4–5.2	90–91	1.42–1.92	–

防护用品	种类	主要成分	参考文献
医用手套	乳胶手套	顺-1, 4-聚异戊二烯	[11]
	丁腈手套	丁腈橡胶，丁二烯和丙烯腈共聚物
	聚乙烯手套	聚乙烯
	聚氯乙烯手套	聚氯乙烯
医用输液瓶(袋)	聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯输液瓶(袋)	聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯	[12]
医用输液瓶(袋)	聚烯烃热塑弹性体	二元或三元乙丙橡胶等弹性体与聚丙烯或聚乙烯塑料的共混物	[13]
输液透明软管	聚氯乙烯	同上	[12]
输液透明软管	聚烯烃热塑弹性体	同上	[13]
医用帽、伤口敷布、包扎绷带	各种无纺布		[4, 6]

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Some Distinguished Polymer Materials Used in COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention

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