基于RAMP安全原则的有机化学实验安全教育探索

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202001042

Abstract

Abstract:

Safety education is an important part of laboratory teaching. This paper compiles safety handouts of organic chemistry laboratory based on RAMP safety, and effectively integrates the safety education into the teaching plan of organic chemistry laboratory, trains the students to correctly identify and evaluate the specific risks in the experimental project, reasonably reduce and control the risks and prepare to respond to emergency. That is conducive to improving the students' safety consciousness, and prevention and control ability, strengthening the whole process management of laboratory teaching, and effectively ensuring the laboratory safety.

Key words: Organic chemistry, Laboratory teaching, Safety consciousness, Risk assessment

MSC2000:

Rong Lai, Kejia Zhu, Houjin Li, Xianfang Xu. Reseach on Safety Education of Organic Chemistry Laboraotry Based on RAMP Safety Principle[J].University Chemistry, 2020, 35(7): 123-129.

Figures/Tables 3

实验危害分析	(阅读整个实验安全分析文件并在实验前签名确认)
实验项目：己二酸的制备(利用硝酸氧化环己醇制备己二酸，并进行红外光谱测定)
需要的设备、试剂及仪器：	试剂：浓硝酸、环己醇、5%氢氧化钠仪器：搅拌器、搅拌子、通风橱、三颈烧瓶、温度计、滴液漏斗、回流冷凝管、气体吸收装置、红外光谱仪必需的个人防护设备：实验服、丁腈手套、护目镜
实验任务和步骤(按顺序描述)	每个任务/步骤中确定存在的危险	每一步实验步骤的控制方法/安全章程
步骤1–4 略
步骤5 加热搅拌至三颈烧瓶中硝酸的温度升到60 ℃	●加热器烫伤人、电线和冷凝水管 ●加热温度过高	1)确认加热器面板远离电线和冷凝水管 2)确认冷凝水管已接紧且水流通畅 3)确保温度计正常，密切注意温度计并严格控制反应温度 4)在通风橱操作(反应中将通风橱推拉窗尽量拉低，并在玻璃外操作) 5)佩戴护目镜
步骤6 从滴液漏斗中滴加5–6滴环己醇	●放热反应 ●剧烈反应 ●有毒气产生	同上1)–5)步 6)环己醇严格按量滴加。
步骤7 以约每3 s一滴的速度小心滴加，在整个反应过程中控制反应温度在85–90 ℃，反应物处在微沸状态	同上	同上1)–5)步 6)严格控制环己醇滴加速度 7)注意反应装置不要漏气，也不能装成密闭系统。
步骤8–20 略
危险清单：
1.实验者是否会接触到化合物？化合物是否有危险性？是[确认已阅读所有试剂MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)，包括产物] 2.实验者是否会滑倒摔跤？会不会伤害别人？是[保持实验柜门关闭，过道畅通，地面干燥干净，谨慎慢行，尤其拿着试剂走动时] 3.实验者是否会受到伤害？是，如果控制不当，反应将非常剧烈且可能出现事故，反应有NO₂产生[严格遵守实验标准操作规程SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures)]
指导教师或实验员意见：反应为强烈放热反应，实验必须严格控制环己醇的滴加速度，绝不能将环己醇一次性加入或大量加入，环己醇的滴加速度以保持反应处于沸腾状态为宜，如果环己醇滴加速度太快，反应将非常剧烈且可能出现事故，反应大量放热引起爆炸，如果反应过于缓慢，如不沸腾，则也应该停止滴加环己醇，待先加入的环己醇全部作用后再继续滴加，否则会造成未反应的环己醇积累过多，一旦反应引发将会带来巨大的危险；全过程在通风橱里进行，将通风橱的推拉窗尽量拉低，并在通风橱外操作；要防范浓硝酸和NO₂危害
应急预案：(略)
实验者签名：	实验室/班级：	实验时间：

References 8

1	李厚金; 赖瑢; 朱可佳; 张利; 陈六平. 大学化学, 2017, 32 (4), 21.
2	李厚金; 陈六平. 大学化学, 2018, 33 (1), 7.
3	赖瑢; 郑赛利; 王周; 彭敏; 朱可佳; 李莲云; 李晓洁; 于志广; 许先芳; 陈六平. 大学化学, 2017, 32 (3), 43.
4	王周; 赖瑢; 彭敏; 郑赛利; 李莲云; 朱可佳; 许先芳; 陈六平; 石建新. 大学化学, 2018, 33 (10), 39.
5	李伯平. 实验室研究与探索, 2019, 38 (9), 161.
6	Robert, H. H., Jr.; Finster, D. C. Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students; Wiley: New Jersey, 2010.
7	American Chemical Society. Identifying and evaluating hazards in Research Laboratories.[2013-09-04]. https://cen.acs.org/content/dam/cen/static/pdfs/ACSHazardAnalysis20130904.pdf.
8	李厚金; 石建新; 邹小勇. 基础化学实验, 第2版北京: 科学出版社, 2015.

事发值(OV)	危害值(CV)
事发值(OV)	CV = 1	CV = 2	CV = 3	CV = 4
OV = 4	RR = 4低	RR = 8高	RR = 12危险的	RR = 16危险的
OV = 3	RR = 3低	RR = 6中	RR = 9高	RR = 12危险的
OV = 2	RR = 4低	RR = 4低	RR = 6中	RR = 8高
OV = 1	RR = 1低	RR = 2低	RR = 3低	RR = 4低

实验风险评估检查表	是/否	接触到这种危害的后果	危害的严重性		事件发生可能性		风险等级(CV*OV)
实验风险评估检查表	是/否	接触到这种危害的后果	预期危害有哪些？	(CV)危害值(1, 2, 3, 4)	现有控制措施	(OV)事发值(1, 2, 3, 4)	风险等级(CV*OV)
化学品安全与承受风险评估
化学实验操作流程是否存在起火、爆炸或者其他不受控制的反应？	是	人员伤害/设备损坏/中毒	爆炸/起火/NO₂泄露	4	严格控制反应速度/通风橱双面贴防爆膜	2	8
是否存在接触腐蚀性物质的风险？	是	人员伤害	皮肤烧伤	3	制定强酸使用安全操作规程	2	6
是否存在接触急性毒性物质的风险？	否	/	/	/	/	/	/

[1]	Yun Hong, Shengxiang Yang, Hongtao Zhang. Ideological and Political Education Practice of the Organic Chemistry Laboratory in A & F Universities [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2108070-.
[2]	Haibo Lei, Yanling Xu, Jian Ren, Wen Liu. Curriculum Construction of "Biomass Functional Material Comprehensive Laboratory" under the Background of New Agricultural Science [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2108072-.
[3]	Jinsong Peng, Gongyuan Zhao, Zhiqiang Zhou, Xue Li, Chunxia Chen, Bin Li. Research on the Construction Strategy of Ideological and Political Education in College Basic Chemistry Courses with Organic Chemistry as an Example [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2112074-.
[4]	Shuaihua Zhang, Ranxiao Tang, Xiaocui Chen, Tao Meng, Qiuhong Wei, Qiuhua Wu, Chun Wang. Research and Practice of the 12345 + N + N + 1 Teaching Mode in Inorganic Chemistry under the Background of National First-Class Undergraduate Major [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2203052-.
[5]	Bo Hong, Yuanhui Chen, Shujie Zhao, Wencong Liu. Establishment of a Tridimensional Teaching Mode for Organic Chemistry Course in Agricultural Universities: A Case Study of Jilin Agricultural University [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2206085-.
[6]	Jiangjiang Tang, Maosen Yuan, Feng Wang, Xiaoping Wang, Junru Wang. Conception and Implementation of a New "Organic Chemistry in English" Course System for the "Excellence Classes" within New Agricultural Sciences [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(8): 2206094-.
[7]	Qianqian Zhu, Wen Wang. Exploration of Comprehensive Chemistry Laboratory (Ⅰ) Teaching Reform Guided by the Aim of Training Talents in Chemistry [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2111035-.
[8]	Jun Xuan, Weiwei Jin, Lei Li, Xiao Lian, Qiong Zhang, Chenjiang Liu. Application of Photochemical Synthesis of Nitrone under Continuous Flow in Undergraduate Laboratory Teaching [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2109049-.
[9]	Bing Li, Xinxin Zhao, Wujiong Xia, Yunchen Du, Xijiang Han. Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Methyl-2-phenylindolin Induced by UV light: A Comprehensive Organic Micro Chemistry Experiment Converted from NSFC Research [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2109039-.
[10]	Shuai Chen, Yihan Gucheng, Chengjian Zhu, Jin Xie. Visible Light Mediated C(sp³)-H Bond Functionalization [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2110063-.
[11]	Fang Fang, Yuena Yu, Chunyan Wang, Huawei Liu. Exploration and Practice on Teaching Reform of Organic Chemistry Laboratory [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2111008-.
[12]	Yinyi Liu, Zishan Su, Bixian Chen, Xin Deng, Shuru Tang, Shuman Lin, Haoyuan Xie, Xiaojun Liu, Wenting Liu, Weiqin Xu. Control the Morphology of Cu-MOF through Microemulsion Method as a Laboratory Teaching Case [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(7): 2110071-.
[13]	Ling Li, Kai Wang, Juan Wang, Zheng Wang, Chi Zhang, Wenhua Zhu, Lihong Tian, Yingxi Wang. Construction of Standardized Course Syllabus for Inorganic Chemistry Experiment Course Based on Engineering Certification: Taking Chemical and Pharmaceutical Specialty of Hubei University as an Example [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(6): 2107024-.
[14]	Peng Huang, Chunhua Ge, Daming Feng, Mi Lin. Recent Improvements of Several Classical Organic Reactions in Fundamental Organic Chemistry [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(6): 2108091-.
[15]	Lijuan Feng, Wenjun Wang, Baohui Qi, Canhui Xiang. Teaching Design of p–π Conjugation in Blended Teaching of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry [J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(4): 2110051-.

Reseach on Safety Education of Organic Chemistry Laboraotry Based on RAMP Safety Principle

RichHTML

PDF

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 3

References 8

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0