贯穿论文式实验报告的综合能力培养教学实践

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202008001

Abstract

Abstract:

Strengthening laboratory teaching is an important way to cultivate students' scientific literacy and comprehensive innovation ability. Taking physical chemistry laboratory as an example, the teaching reform and practice were carried out to solve the problems of writing experimental report. A research paper type experimental report writing format was adopted for undergraduate course teaching, which is helpful for students to understand the whole picture of the experiment, put forward questions, analyze questions and summarize the experiment. The cultivation of students' scientific literacy and comprehensive innovation ability has been achieved throughout each part of the experimental report, which is unified with the actual teaching link. It gives the full play to the synergetic advantages of teacher-led and student-subject, stimulates students' learning enthusiasm and subjective initiative, and is conducive to the cultivation of high-quality talents with comprehensive development of characteristics including morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor.

Key words: Physical chemistry laboratory, Research paper, Experimental report, Scientific quality, Innovation ability

MSC2000:

Dongliang Tian, Qinglin Yang, Kesong Liu, Ying Zhu. Teaching Practice of Innovation Ability Training throughout the Scientific Paper-Type Experimental Report[J].University Chemistry, 2021, 36(7): 2008001.

Figures/Tables 5

序号	部分名称	培养目标	评分标准
1	题目	准确、简洁、清楚地概括总结、表达的能力	5分。要求正确无误，能反映实验方法及实验研究对象及内容
2	作者	团结协作与严谨求实的态度	虚构、抄袭的直接零分
3	摘要	理清整体实验，培养提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，及概括总结表达能力	15分。描述实验背景、方法、研究对象、重要结果和主要结论，缺一条扣3分
4	关键词	关键内容表达	5分。要求正确无误，具有代表性，能反映论文主题内容的词
5	前言介绍	查阅文献，提出问题、分析并解决问题的总结表达能力及创新创业能力	20分。给出研究背景，存在的不足及问题，本实验方法和实验基础，该问题解决的意义，缺一条扣4分
6	实验部分	理清实验操作思路及注意事项，概括总结的能力	15分。简述主要仪器、药品，仪器应注明型号，实验方法及步骤。要求内容清楚，步骤简洁扼要，顺序正确。实验内容及步骤应简洁，直接照抄讲义者扣10分；实验顺序错乱者，扣3–5分；实验过程描述错误，每一条扣3–5分
7	结果讨论	分析总结表达能力、科学素养	20分。利用原始数据直接作图，给出计算、分析、讨论和误差比较等详细描述过程，图文并茂，叙述简洁完整、重点突出，依据正确。若数据直接抄写，没有分析者，扣10分；数据计算要有过程，缺少者扣3–5分；实验者没有对结果进行分析，扣3–5分
8	结论	科学意识、总结表达能力	10分。给出直接结论和推论，缺一扣5分
9	参考文献	尊重他人成果，客观严谨的科学态度	5分。引用前人已发表的文献中观点、数据和材料等
附加材料	体会和建议	提出合理的建设性意见和建议，创新创业能力	5分。必须认真写出实验体会，鼓励写出实验改进建议
附加材料	原始数据	科学严谨的态度和创新意识	教师签字的实验记录，没有此页者实验报告为不合格报告，需要重新实验)，伪造数据或抄录他人数据者实验报告为零分！
附加项目			加分项目：能指出实验内容外影响因素，并能够其进行细致讨论者，加1–5分；能给出实验合理化建议的，加5–15分，实验报告总分不超过100分

References 15

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序号	部分名称	要求	能力培养目标
1	实验名称	与讲义一致
2	实验目的	与讲义一致
3	实验原理	简明扼要	概括总结、表达的能力
4	实验步骤	主要仪器、药品，仪器应注明型号；简述实验方法及步骤	概括总结、表达的能力
5	数据/现象记录	正确、客观、完整地记录现象及数据	观察、记录的能力，严谨求实态度
6	数据处理	将原实验记录重新制表抄写、数据计算、误差计算(与文献值相比较)	分析与总结表达能力
7	结果或结论	列出实验结果	总结表达的能力
附加材料	注意事项	写出实验中注意事项	加深对实验中关键点的理解和掌握
附加材料	收获与体会	根据自己情况，可不写	实验的整体回顾与理解

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Teaching Practice of Innovation Ability Training throughout the Scientific Paper-Type Experimental Report

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