“类比”方法在化学通识课程教学中的应用实践

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202102037

Abstract

Abstract:

Quantum chemistry is one of the sciences with heavy theoretical backgrounds, leading to significant difficulty in its general education to the undergraduates without prerequisite training in either physics or chemistry or both. Analogy in terms of concept and culture is proposed to present the key theories for the sake of the understanding of the recondite and scholastic words. It has been demonstrated that the use of analogy is able to stimulate the creative thinking for all interdisciplinary educations.

Key words: Quantum chemistry, Analogy, General education, Interdisciplinary

MSC2000:

Hua Hou, Baoshan Wang. Application of Analogy in General Education of Quantum Chemistry to Undergraduates[J].University Chemistry, 2021, 36(7): 2102037.

Figures/Tables 3

References 9

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编号	学科	人数	专业分布
编号	学科	人数	1	2	3	其他
1	人文科学	78	28% (新闻与传播)	24% (艺术)	14% (哲学)	34% (文学、国学、历史外国语等)
2	社会科学	168	58% (经济与管理)	30% (信息管理)	7% (政治与公共管理)	5% (法学、社会学、马克思主义等)
3	理学	120	50% (资源与环境)	30% (数学与统计)	16% (生命科学)	4% (物理、化学等)
4	工学	158	29% (水利水电)	28% (城市设计)	23% (动力与机械)	20% (电气自动化、土木工程等)
5	信息科学	195	55% (计算机)	16% (测绘)	9% (电子信息)	20% (遥感、印刷与包装、网络安全等)
6	医学	47	51% (基础医学)	32% (健康学)	10% (药学)	7% (护理、口腔、临床)
	总计	766

组成	量子社会	人类社会	说明
语言	Planck语	汉语、英语、俄语等	量子世界的Planck单位，用于表述量子世界的物理量，比如ħ、光速c等，常称为“God’s Units”
社会性质	波粒二象性	社会属性	波粒二象性是量子世界的基本特性，小到电子，大到分子(例如富勒烯C₆₀)、高分子(例如25 kDa以上的生物分子)，都被观察到波动性，即物质波
社会成员	态(叠加态、本征态)	人民；群众；家庭	量子世界由独立的本征态个体组成，相互叠加形成实际的“态”
成员标记	量子数	姓名	每一个量子态都由一组量子数确定，例如表示氢原子状态的3个量子数：n，l，m
社会价值	几率	个人贡献或地位	量子世界里没有高矮胖瘦之分，因为态乘以常数保持不变，几率决定了态的贡献
运行法则	波动方程(Schrödinger、Dirac等)	法律法规	波动方程描述了态在某种特定范围内的变化，态与态之间的变化与交流也复合波动方程

量子力学	传统文化	解释
量子化	天下之势，分久必合，合久必分	经典世界的连续图像，量子世界的量子化分立能级。经典力学与量子力学并不是水火不容，甚至可以合二为一(例如QM/MM杂化方法获2013年诺贝尔化学奖)
测不准原理	水至清则无鱼；难得糊涂	两个不互易的物理量(位置与动量、能量与时间等)，测量误差大于或等于Planck常数，即无法精确测量，对位置的测量(例如用光)必然会导致动量的改变(例如Compton效应)
叠加态	眼见为实；车到山前必有路	观测导致存在
物质波	如影随形	波粒二象性
零点能	无中生有；空穴来风	物质永远在运动，即使在0 K也有能残余量，零点能是测不准原理的直接结果
量子能级	靠谱	光谱是量子能级存在的直接证据，能级之间的跃迁产生光谱，光谱则是量子力学最有力的测量工具
微扰与组态相互作用方法	蚕食鲸吞	求解薛定谔方程时，微扰法采用微扰项以级数形式逼近真实解，即“蚕食”；组态相互作用则是考虑所有组态之间的相关，即“鲸吞”
耦合蔟方法	墙里开花墙外香	耦合蔟方法起源于核物理领域，并未开展应用，直到被用于量子化学计算，才真正发挥其优势，成为量子化学计算的“黄金标准”

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Application of Analogy in General Education of Quantum Chemistry to Undergraduates

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