In this paper, we discussed the basic elements which affect the shape of linear sweep voltammograms in the reaction process on the electrode surface, that is, heterogeneous electron transfer and mass transfer in liquid phase. Derived from the basic definition and principle of voltammetry, the "supply-demand" mode between electron and mass transfer determines the characteristics of voltammograms. A series of voltammetric behaviors under different electrochemical testing conditions were discussed, including conventional electrodes and microelectrodes, reversible and irreversible electrode processes, stationary and rotating disk electrodes, and electrocatalysis. The basic laws that affect the shape of voltammograms provide a reference for understanding the fundamental principles of linear sweep voltammetry and data analysis.

The study aims to help students learn efficiently, summarize systematically, and apply knowledge comprehensively regarding the critical aspects of free radical polymerization. A comprehensive problem was proposed to develop their knowledge-comprehensive-application ability, questioning ability, problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and literature consulting awareness. The comprehensive problem, covering all the important aspects of free radical polymerization, was designed accordingly and assigned as team homework. Herein, a new form of problems in polymer chemistry is being developed, the function of problems in polymer chemistry is expanded, students' minds are being opened, and satisfactory results are being achieved.

Modern instrumental analysis is an important basic course for students majoring in food and pharmacy. In the teaching process of the development and application of the instruments, there are many ideological and political elements that can be combined with professional knowledge. In this paper, the cases of ideological and political elements were organized elaborately based on the spirit of innovation, humanism and patriotism. In particular, the stories of the people and things around the students were selected as the main contents in those cases. This paper will provide valuable reference for the excavation of ideological and political elements in other related courses.

How to integrate the ideological and political elements into the core courses of chemistry and form the effect of collaborative education is an important task of the current course construction. This paper introduces the experience and thinking of ideological and political education cases design in the course of chemical analysis from the teaching team of analytical chemistry in Hunan University. Based on the teaching characteristics of chemical analysis, the corresponding teaching cases are constructed to reflect the teaching objectives and ideological and political education objectives. At the same time, the universal design ideas in the ideological and political teaching of the course are put forward.

Five typical specious questions in polymer chemistry were discussed, including "the criterion of the spontaneity of a polymerization is △G < 0", "the activities of the two kind of active centers in an ideal copolymerization are the same", "ferrocenylmethyl acrylate (FMA) has a higher propagation rate constant of homopolymerization than 2-ferrocenylethyl acrylate (FEA)", "Methyl 3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-propenoate, or Methyl 4-methylcinnamate, can be homopolymerized into high polymer" and "α-cyanoacrylate cannot be free radically homopolymerized". Through raising and answering these questions, the students were encouraged to think, to doubt, to question, to explore, to acquire, and to understand under the teacher's inspiration and guidance. This helps to train the critical thinking skills, the problem conversion ability and the literature consulting awareness, to build the awareness and abilities of problem finding and problem raising, and to develop the ability to analyze and solve problems, in addition to acquire the right knowledge.

There are many types of organic compounds, which have caused some problems in the teaching of organic chemistry. Understanding the structures of organic compounds, and thereby obtaining clarity on the properties of organic compounds, would improve the efficiency of teaching and learning. In order to understand the structures of organic compounds, it is necessary to be familiar with carbon atom hybridization and bonding in various organic compounds. In this paper, the aforementioned hybridization is briefly summarized in the order of sp, sp², and sp³ hybridization.

The key of course ideology and politics is that the teacher should efficiently combine the political elements with instructional design in the professional contents, as well as integrate the ideas of socialist core values into the teaching process. In this paper, an example of instructional design about integrating the intellectual education and moral education in alkaloid learning is discussed, including the setup of learning goal, the selection and presentation of teaching content, the development of teaching activities and the assessment of teaching achievements, etc.

There is a trend of keeping all professional courses going together with the ideological and political theory course to develop the synergetic teaching mode for high education. To this end, we explored the course ideology and politics reconstruction in analytical chemistry course. The course of analytical chemistry features the significant characteristics of experimentally verifiable that allow the science argumentation and convincing people by reasoning, benefiting the reconstruction of course ideology and politics. We carefully designed the ideological and political elements and developed the "moistening things in silence" and emotional resonance teaching mode to realize the aim of value leading and to elevate the professional teaching effect.

Conjugated system, the moiety that the electronic orbitals of adjacent atoms or groups overlap, the electrons delocalize and the bond lengths become average, has special electronic effects, i.e., the conjugate effect that is crucial and difficult in organic chemistry course. It is very important to master the classification and structural characteristics of conjugated systems for understanding the conjugate effect, as well as physical and chemical properties of compounds. However, these have not been systematically discussed in general organic chemistry textbooks and literature. Here, the broad and narrow sense of conjugated systems, the classification and structural characteristics of narrow-sense conjugated system, hyper-conjugated system, through-bond and through-space conjugations were illustrated through the molecular structures of examples and the electronic orbital figures of valence bond and molecular orbital theories.

The concept of "course ideology and politics" is to achieve the effective integration of professional with ideological and political education. Taking chromatography teaching in analytical chemistry curriculum as an example, by combining with the elements of ideological and political education from multiple perspectives, this paper introduces the exploration and practices on "course ideology and politics education" in chromatography theoretical and experimental teachings as well as students' practice outside the classroom.

A variety of domestic and international organic chemistry textbooks hold the standpoint that the two resonance structures of benzene are Kekulé structures. By introducing the research history of benzene structures and the structural characteristics of Kekulé's benzene, we propose that the above standpoint should be reconsidered. We also suggest that the two resonance structures should be named as "Pauling's structure" or "Pauling benzene".

The application conditions of pre-equilibrium and steady-state approximations usually used for treatment of complex chemical kinetics are discussed. Based on the characters of opposing reaction, the simplified application conditions for pre-equilibrium approximation is proposed. The shortcoming of the former conditions is pointed out. By defining a dimensionless parameter relating to the discrepancy from steady state and using graphic method, the application conditions of steady-state approximation for the consecutive reaction is clarified. When the rate for consumption of the intermediate is 100 times larger than its generation rate, the error by using steady-state approximation is less than 1%, which is a good approximation.

The top-ranking content of teaching is the core of first-class curriculum construction. This paper mainly introduces an example of teaching design for the first-class off-line course "Basic Chemistry Laboratory (Ⅰ)" at Xiamen University, which consists of the overall design and implementation about the laboratory teaching of "preparation, composition and impurity analysis, application of ammonium ferrous sulfate". The aim is to provide reference experience for the construction and the teaching reform of first-class course of basic chemistry laboratory.

Analytical chemistry has a breadth of audience in colleges and universities, because it is one of the basic courses for most disciplines. As analytical chemistry course starts at the early college year, it will play important influence on the formation of the correct ideological and political opinion of students. The authors made deep exploration on the ideological and political elements in classroom teaching of acid-base titration, complexation titration and Ringbom's equation. The results show that ideological and political elements can be integrated into teaching process if we hold the idea of cultural inheritance and innovation.

In order to implement President Xi's speech on the national conference of ideological and political work in universities, and build a collaborative education mode of ideological and political theory course in the same direction with all kinds of courses, the important practice about utilizing the classroom teaching to educate students has been investigated. In this paper, an example of instructional design about integrating the intellectual education and moral education in the introduction section of inorganic chemistry is discussed, including the setup of learning goal, the selection and presentation of teaching content and development of teaching activities.

The integration of professional courses and ideological and political education is the fundamental task of moral education in colleges and universities. Physical chemistry, as the core professional course of chemistry, plays an important role in the cultivation of students. In this study, based on the concept of course ideology and politics and the teaching objectives of physical chemistry, possible points for ideological and political education in the course are explored from the following six aspects: the history and development of the discipline, resumes of scientists, classical theories and methods, interdisciplinary knowledge, the frontiers of physical chemistry and science and technology, and applications of physical chemistry in production and life. Meanwhile, teaching designs, practice modes, and evaluation methods of course ideology and politics are proposed.

Inorganic chemistry and inorganic chemistry laboratory are the first professional basic courses for students majored in chemistry. This article combs the joint points between the professional knowledge and ideological and political education, and illustrates the importance of course ideology and politics in educating students in terms of cultivating the students' characters of speculative spirit and scientific development concept, social responsibility and responsibility, and the values of "patriotism, dedication, integrity, friendliness".

A teaching experiment for determining copper(Ⅱ) ions in copper-containing sewage by UV-Vis spectrophotometry is designed. The experiment is performed based on the Fenton reaction principle, where the presence of copper(Ⅱ) ions in the assay solution catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radicals. The latter oxidizes the colorless 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the solution to the yellow TMB²⁺, which can be used for quantitative analysis copper(Ⅱ) ions in copper-containing sewage by measuring the absorbance of TMB²⁺ at 452 nm. With easy operation, short measurement time, excellent stability, eco-friendliness, this experiment conforms to the basic requirements of undergraduate laboratory teaching.

On the basis of teaching content of computational chemistry course, we introduce a computational chemistry experiment to senior undergraduates. This experiment uses Gaussian 09, GaussView and UltraEdit softwares to search the transition state of $ \text{HCN}\rightleftharpoons \text{HNC} $ isomerization reaction, calculate the energies of reactant (HCN), transition state (TS) as well as the product (HNC), and consequently to obtain the reaction activation energy. Through this experiment, students will learn how to perform the energy calculation with the quantum chemistry calculation methods to obtain activation energy of a reaction.

Hydroboration of olefins is a concerted addition reaction involving only one step. It is generally considered to proceed via a four-center cyclic transition state. We performed theoretical studies on the reaction mechanism of the hydroboration of propene using quantum chemistry calculations, which led to a unique transition state that was inconsistent with the so-called four-center cyclic structure. In the computed transition state, the boron atom is bonded to both of the olefinic carbon atoms, and the degree of the hydrogen shift event is very low. All of these observations are consistent with those reported in the literature. Further theoretical studies revealed that the reaction might involve certain structures similar to the four-center cyclic structure, appearing as the transient states between the transition state and the product. Finally, the reaction mechanism of hydroboration was analyzed from the perspective of the orbital interaction model.

Combining the characteristics of inorganic chemistry course, this paper analyzes the problems existing in carrying out "course ideology and politics" education in the teaching of professional courses, discusses how to deeply excavate the elements of ideological and political education contained in inorganic chemistry course, explores the practical ways of integrating ideological and political education into inorganic chemistry course, and proposes specific methods of integrating ideological and political elements through typical cases in the teaching process of professional courses, in order to achieve the "Trinity" education goal of value guidance, ability cultivation and knowledge imparting, and train high-quality talents with both ability and political integrity.

The disconnection approach is applied to teaching of polymer chemistry. The disconnection strategy for usual polymer synthesis problem is proposed, the rules are summarized, and the usual polymer synthesis problem is categorized. These approaches made it easier for the students to handle polymer synthesis problems, to learn the method and have the ability to learn. Accordingly, a new classification of polymerization reactions is suggested, which classifies polymerization reactions into three categories by occurring between functional groups, via opening of double bonds, and by opening of rings. It is also summarized that the disconnections in polymer synthesis are usually made between the units along the main chain, between the main chain and the side groups, between the main chain and the branches, and between the main chain and the end groups, and at the position of the functional groups or the heteroatoms.

This paper introduces the preparation, purification and structure identification of aspirin, especially the teaching method, purpose and result at distinct stages of the experiment. Through problem-based learning with flipped classroom, students' active learning ability and comprehensive experimental ability was improved. By doing experiments independently and discussing the experiment result in groups, students' ability of independent thinking and cooperation was strengthened.

In the era of sharp reformation in China's higher education, inorganic chemistry laboratory course is the first laboratory course for freshmen whose majors are chemistry or related disciplines. The freshmen are omnidirectionally cultivated, including ideology and politics, in inorganic chemistry laboratory course, which plays a key role in improving lab skills, consolidating basic theoretical knowledge, stimulating students' patriotic feelings, understanding scientific laws, and developing thinking innovation. Our work took the preparation of graphene oxide as an example to discuss how to introduce ideology and politics into the laboratory teaching. Thus, it will improve the undergraduates' scientific research ability, and meanwhile make them realize the importance of scientific research in strengthening our country, therefore to cultivate their idea of serving the country with science and technology.

Although at first glance, the old reaction of B₂H₆ (diborane) with NH₃ seemed to be simple, it has been shown that the reaction was complex and had perplexed boron chemists for decades. The reaction was highly sensitive to the experimental conditions, and one or the mixture of the products, such as diammoniate of diborane (DADB, [NH₃BH₂NH₃][BH₄]), ammonia borane (AB, NH₃·BH₃), aminodiborane (ADB, NH₂B₂H₅), could be obtained. It was known that the asymmetrical cleavage of the double bridge bond of B₂H₆ produced the ionic product DADB, whereas symmetrical cleavage afforded the covalent product, AB. The different cleavage patterns of B₂H₆ under particular conditions attracted interest to study the key points of the selectivity including steric effect, inductive effect, solvent effect, and dielectric constant, but it is still not possible to predict the products of the reactions of B₂H₆ with Lewis base. B₂H₆ was present in THF as the THF·BH₃ adduct, and the products of the reactions of Lewis bases with THF·BH₃or B₂H₆ were of the same types. The formation mechanisms of AB and DADB were explored by an ingenious design using THF·BH₃ as a proxy for more reactive B₂H₆, and the reaction of THF·BH₃ with NH₃could be carried out under mild conditions. It was found that dihydrogen bonds played a critical role in the competing formation of AB and DADB. Both experimental and computational results demonstrated that dihydrogen bond was the dominant factor in the complex formation mechanism of ADB.

Ion transference number is an important parameter of physical chemistry, and its measurement is the basic content in physical chemistry laboratory. Based on the measurement of ion transference number in "Basic Physical Chemistry Laboratory", combined with measurements of the electromotive force, a new experiment was designed for measuring the transference number of copper ion and sulfate ion in solution, and the ion transference numbers obtained are basically consistent with the values in the literature. We attempt to use the laboratory skills that college students already mastered in physical chemistry laboratory and integrate the knowledge of electrochemistry to design and explore a new method for measuring ion transference by the electromotive force method. The students' comprehensive ability can be improved to solve problems.

Organic-chemistry-related questions in the 33rd Jiangsu Province senior high school chemistry Olympiad selection contest are analyzed and elaborated upon in detail. To assist teaching, computational chemistry was utilized and served as a reference for instructors and participating students.

In Chinese literature on polymer chemistry and photo-chemistry, "quench" and "quencher" are both expressed in two different terms. And this has been bringing trouble to teaching and academic exchanges. To solve this problem, an analysis and textual research were made on these words from both linguistics and chemistry perspectives. A solid conclusion is led, and the right word for quench and quencher in Chinese are given. Also, a suggestion is made that, it should be adopted in the relevant books and specifications.

As an important carrier of the Internet of everything, QR code extremely makes people's life greatly. This paper introduces practices and experiences of applying QR code to laboratory teaching, laboratory instrument management and academic report flexibly of the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Xiamen University, hoping to provide applicable guidance for domestic university laboratory teaching and laboratory instrument management.

The adsorption on the solid-liquid interface is important for industry and daily life. To investigate the adsorption process, the adsorption thermodynamics usually are essential. The adsorption thermodynamics are analyzed with the parameters of the change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS). In this presentation, the different methods for calculation of the adsorption thermodynamics parameters are introduced. Moreover, examples for calculations and applications of the adsorption thermodynamics are presented.

Aiming at the importance of promoting the construction of course ideology and politics, the significance of incorporating ideology and politics elements in inorganic chemistry teaching is clarified. Combining with the authors' teaching examples of ideological and political education in the course, the strategies for integrating ideological and political elements in daily teaching and related teaching reform measures, and the expectation to the professional teachers were put forward.

Alcohol gel for hand-washing disinfection is a kind of daily chemical which has 75% alcohol. It belongs to the category of fine chemicals and is prepared by adjusting the viscosity of alcohol with a thickener. It has played an important role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and is familiar to people. The basic formula is simple and the ingredients are easy to obtain. Although the production process is simple, the experiment is still a bit difficult. Thus, the preparation process is very suitable for designing the teaching content of "Fine Chemical Laboratory" or similar courses. By setting up this experiment in applied chemistry specialty or related majors, the course can not only enhance students' professional interest in the fine chemical industry, but also cultivate theirs ability to design product formula and practical experience. At the same time, the course also contains many ideological and political elements, which is very suitable for carrying out ideological and political education in laboratory course. Through this course, we can enhance students' awareness of preventing COVID-19 infections, and strengthen their confidence to Chinese characteristic socialism.

Using web technology, the development and application of the platform of molecular point group system PGLite have been described in this paper. A friendly interface for directly accessing webpages to manipulate molecular models has been implemented, and a molecular point group display platform for structural chemistry courses has been constructed to help students better understand the molecular symmetry, which effectively improve the teaching effect of molecular point groups section.

Functional polymer materials is not only an elective course of the chemistry, but also an important professional course of the functional materials. In order to achieve the "moistening things silently" teaching goal, this paper introduces the exploration and practice of the course ideology and politics construction in "functional polymer materials" course from the following aspects: the combination of the ideological and political elements and teaching content, guiding students to discuss and interact with the frontier of related disciplines, and writing review papers and actively participating in scientific research.

Applied technology university is a university which mainly trains applied talents, but it is not in line with the requirements of the times to only pay attention to the application-oriented training and ignore the course ideology and politics. "Course ideology and politics" is a new concept of university personnel training. Under the concept of cultivating applied talents, the teachers of professional courses integrate ideological and political education into professional teaching, and integrate "cultivating applied talents" and "building up course ideology and politics" organically, to realize the course ideology and politics construction of curriculum under the application-oriented personnel training mode.

The optical rotation measurement of the rate constant of sucrose hydrolysis reaction is one of the very classic chemical kinetic experiments in the university physical chemistry laboratory. In this paper, the addition of the optical rotation of the sucrose hydrolysis system, the reversibility of the sucrose hydrolysis reaction, and the effect of temperature on the reversible reaction equilibrium are discussed in depth. This article verifies the approximate processing in the current laboratory teaching, such as approximating the sucrose hydrolysis reaction as a first-order reaction, ignoring the reversed reaction, and the experimental conditions for obtaining the complete hydrolysis solution of sucrose. This article expands the teaching content of the sucrose hydrolysis experiment and deepens the students' understanding of optical rotation, chemical reaction order, thermodynamic dynamic balance and other knowledge.

To fully explore the ideological and political elements in the sugar compounds chapter of organic chemistry course, and give full play to the important role of professional courses in moral education, we sort out the learning objectives of this chapter and design the learning content accordingly. The teaching system on carbohydrate compounds was constructed with the knowledge of carbohydrate compounds as the main body, the stories of sugar structure and synthesis research, the discipline thoughts of chemistry, and the contributions of China in sugar chemistry research dominated.

One best way to get insight into the fascinating history of twentieth century chiroptical spectroscopy and its inextricable entanglement with history of quantum physics is to look at the vivid life stories of particular scholars. This article describes the little-known experience of the Belgian theoretical physicist Léon Rosenfeld (1904-1974) in creating a quantum interpretation of the optical activity theory. In the history of science literature Rosenfeld' page was totally a blank sheet, but as a pioneer in the exploration of the quantum origin of optical activity, he has an irreplaceable position in the development history of chiroptical spectroscopy.

Gold element occupies a crucial position in the history of science and technology. Ernest Rutherford figured out the basic architecture of the atom by shooting alpha-particles at gold foil. Michael Faraday's experiments with colloidal gold gave an early hint of today's nanotechnology revolution. The gold electrodes were used to make the chips that triggered the information revolution. Gold nanoparticles are central to the development of gold technologies, such as diagnostic testing tools, plasma effects and highly effective catalysts. In this paper, the history, application and future development of nano-gold are discussed and summarized in vivid language with examples. Meanwhile, the relevant physical and chemical principles are also introduced, so that readers can understand the relevant knowledge of nano-gold in interesting reading.

The selection principles and applicability of several commonly used chemical protective gloves were analyzed in detail. The characteristics of chemical structure, polarity and solubility of polymer, and the anti-penetration and anti-aging properties of chemical protective gloves of different materials would be introduced in this paper.

In this paper, the different ideas about the concept of the oxidation number in domestic chemistry textbooks have been discussed. Based on this, we propose to use the term of specified charge number instead of formal charge number and apparent charge number to describe the oxidation number. Through the interpretation of the definition of the oxidation number, we draw some important inferences and finally introduce our explorations and attempts on the contents of the oxidation number in compiling the inorganic chemistry textbook, and suggest introducing the valence-shell electron number method to determine the oxidation number of elements in inorganic chemistry and general chemistry textbooks.

Colleges and universities are the cradle of cultivating talents and the important position of moral cultivation. This paper conducts teaching exploration and practice from the perspective of courses for ideological and political education, mining the ideological and political elements of laboratory courses, designing laboratory teaching projects, building a bridge between ideological and political education and curriculum teaching, to achieve the goal of teaching and educating people.

To respond President Xi's call of letting ideological and political work exist throughout the whole teaching plication course and creating a new situation for the development of higher education in China, the important practice about utilizing classroom teaching to teach and educate people has been investigated. Through the reasonable design of the teaching procedure about environmental chemistry introduction class under the premise of guaranteeing the original knowledge system, the ideological and political elements of the class have been excavated and the course has become more interesting. This kind of design can increase students' participation and let them understand the generation and development of environment problem, recognize the major environmental issues of the day, clarify the research content and task of environmental chemistry during the learning process of completing the course content.

A series of innovative teaching practice are carried out from the aspects of thought updating, content optimizing, method improving, means updating, integration strengthening and penetration enhancing, under the guidance of the teaching thoughts of "student-centered, and focusing on the cultivation of students' interest and ability, especially the ability of sustainable development and innovation". The practice aims at the key points and difficult problems in the teaching and the weaknesses in the learning of polymer chemistry, based on the analysis of students' learning situation. Good teaching results and a series of innovative teaching accomplishment have been achieved, and the course has been constructed into a provincial first-class course.

Application of programming language R for the teaching of analytical chemistry was demonstrated with several examples. Numerical calculation of R was used to solve the high-order equations involved in chemical equilibrium. It avoided the cumbersome processes of formula simplification, and also unified all equilibrium calculations into the same method. Plotting functions of R were used to plot species distribution curves, titration curves, etc. Statistical analysis functions of R were used to replace the traditional manual method. Numerical simulation functions of R were used to help students understand complex concepts such as propagation of error and confidence interval. Compared with Excel, which is commonly used in the teaching of analytical chemistry, R also has the characteristics of being code-based, self-explanatory, flexible, rapidly evolving, and readily accessible. The application of R in teaching of analytical chemistry not only helps to improve the learning efficacy, but also provides an opportunity for students to master the powerful research tool R.

Online teaching has been adopted by colleges and universities during the coronavirus disease outbreak. The problem for teachers and students is how to turn this crisis into an opportunity. Furthermore, it is important to ensure the quality of online teaching and explore new ways of teaching and learning. Therefore, a new form of online teaching of instrumental analysis course was developed using the combination of "SPOC + MOOC class + Tencent meeting + WeChat group." The practice of this new form of online teaching, that is, before class (guiding and helping), during class (teaching and studying), and after class (thinking and testing), shows a good teaching effect. In addition, it provides reference for online teaching.

This article introduces the application of smartphones in chemistry laboratory teaching in a comprehensive way. We summarize the characteristics of chemical experiment methods based on smartphones and the advantage of smartphones in chemistry laboratory teaching, and make an outlook of the application of smartphones in chemistry laboratories.

This paper introduces the main metrics that have been commonly used to test and compare the "greenness" of processes and products, including atom economy, the carbon efficiency, the reaction mass efficiency, the environmental fact, the environmental quotient, the process mass intensity, the life cycle assessment and the green aspiration level. The definition, difference and connection of these metrics are described in detail. Application examples are also presented to illustrate key concepts and their calculation. The green metrics cover aspects of starting materials, processing, products, wastes, and amongst others. The advent of these metrics not only promotes the advances of green chemistry, but also drives business, government and communities towards the standard of more sustainable practices.

Faced with the wave of "Double First-class" construction of higher education in the new era, chemistry major in higher normal university must create their own characteristic projects. Taking the development of chemistry major of Central China Normal University as an example, the national first-class construction of chemistry major in the new era were discussed from three aspects: The first aspect was the construction of objectives, programs and the formation of curriculum groups; the second aspect was the in-depth pedagogies; and the last aspect was related to the creation of management systems and mechanisms.

Chemistry plays an important role in the daily production and human life, and human beings cannot live without chemistry. However, the inappropriate utilization of chemistry will cause great harm to human beings, thus, schools should devote themselves to the ideological and political education of chemical engineering majors. The course of chemical safety and environmental protection is the core course of chemical major. It introduces the characteristics of modern industry, environmental protection and safety of chemical industry, and contains rich ideological and political elements. Focusing on the teaching content and characteristics of chemical safety and environmental protection course, this paper deeply excavates the ideological and political education elements contained in the course, analyzes and constructs corresponding ideological and political teaching cases by using historical materialism, so as to realize the harmonious integration of ideological and political education and professional education.

Due to the outbreak of Corona Virus disease (COVID-19), online teaching has played an important role in "teaching and learning without suspension". Due to the space-time separation, the course ideology and politics of organic chemistry are not as effective as that by face-to-face communication. In order to improve the ideological and political teaching effect of online teaching, this paper explored the case design and specific strategies teaching based on the practices of "brain-based, brain-adapted and brain-promoting" in ideological and political teaching of organic chemistry.

In order to systematically excavate the ideological and political elements in professional courses, logically design effective course ideology and politics cases, and lead the professional courses to play its great role in moral education, we take organic chemistry as an example to study how to introduce ideological and political elements into courses more efficiently, systematically and easily. Therefore, a "four-step method" is introduced, which has revealed its advantage in the course ideology and politics construction of organic chemistry teaching. This paper introduces how to utilize the "four-step" methodology to design and organize the course ideology and politics in organic chemistry teaching with examples.

As a national first-class applied chemistry major construction university, how to deeply pay attention to the initial intention of undergraduate major construction, combine the characteristics of professional development and regional advantages, and do a good job of national first-class major construction has become the main task in the following three years of construction. Although some experience in the construction of the first-class undergraduate construction of applied chemistry has been accumulated, some unavoidable problems need to be solved. In view of the existing problems, it is necessary to explore and build a national first-class specialty of applied chemistry and form a scientific and systematic development plan, which will greatly promote the development of applied chemistry and provide a good reference for the construction of other disciplines in the region.

Polymer chemistry contains rich ideological and political education resources and has broad audiences, which allows for the implementation of course ideology and politics education in colleges and universities. Through excavating the ideological and political elements and designing the teaching process, we exploit the course ideology and politics in polymer chemistry teaching. Taking the Carothers equation as an example, the professional knowledge including its equation deducing, suitable domains, application advantages and drawbacks is emphasized, in order to illustrate how to effectively carry out the course ideology and politics to train the socialist builders and reliable successors.

As the emerging renewable energy, biomass energy is the fourth largest energy next to coal, oil and natural gas. Alkyl levulinates are high value-added products obtained from biomass resources, which are an important class of chemical intermediates and new energy chemicals. The application of alkyl levulinates is very broad and has potential commercial value. This article introduces the physicochemical properties and uses of levulinates, together with three synthetic methods and reaction mechanism for preparing alkyl levulinates using biomass resources as raw materials. Finally, the deficiencies of alkyl levulinates production and application is analyzed, and the development trend of the future development and utilization of alkyl levulinates is provided.

In order to achieve the goal of all-round education, the ideological and political elements contained in physical chemistry courses were actively excavated and integrated into the teaching of MOOC. The ideological and political aspects of physical chemistry MOOC were explored and practiced. The ideological instances of "the physical chemistry and philosophical thinking", "approaching the chemist", "enjoying classical Chinese poems and learning physical chemistry" and "environmental protection" were chosen as the main topics. The new three-stage teaching mode of physical chemistry MOOC, "guiding-studying-thinking" was practiced so as to improve the teaching quality and students' ideology and morality.

Analytical chemistry laboratory plays a very important role in basic chemistry laboratory teaching. With the development of scientific research, the status of instrument analysis has been promoted, and the status of quantitative analysis laboratory in basic teaching has been greatly impacted. This paper introduces the reform and achievements of the laboratory of analytical chemistry in our university in recent years.

It is an important task for higher education in the new era to put course ideology and politics through the whole teaching process. The goal of chemical education, combining course teaching with quality education and ideological and political education, in colleges and universities, is to cultivate chemical professionals with a high sense of social responsibility. This paper introduces the ideological and political education elements contained in the history of organic chemistry in China and the world. The traditional Chinese culture and inspirational stories of celebrities are introduced. The purpose is for students to learn basic knowledge and understand history. At the same time, the aim is to cultivate a correct world outlook on life and values.

In the acid-base titration curve of titration from NaOH to HAc, shown in the sixth edition of Analytical Chemistry edited by Wuhan University, we found that there was an obvious protruding part of the curve at the initial stage of titration, which was significantly different from the curve of titration from NaOH to HCl at the same concentration. In this paper, the mathematical expression of fitting the curve is derived by using various equilibrium relations in acid-base reaction. The correlation law of acid-base titration is proved by combining with the image of mathematical function. The mathematical model can explain not only the differences between two curves, but also the reasons and influencing factors of the initial titration curve difference of weak acids by strong alkali titration.

This study illustrates a comprehensive experiment covering polymer chemistry, physical chemistry and instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels are synthesized and characterized. The PNIPAM microgels are prepared by free-radical precipitation polymerization in aqueous phase. The temperature responsive properties of PNIPAM microgels were explored from two aspects, macroscopic and microscopic. This comprehensive experiment is based on the research of cutting-edge topics, which is helpful to cultivate students' ability of integrating theory with experiment and applying knowledge to practice, as well as to train students' awareness of interdisciplinary integration.

The domestic organic chemistry textbooks use different numbers of contributing structures when introducing the resonance structures of benzene. This paper suggests that some of the related textbooks remove Dewar benzene and other ionic structures from the resonance structures of benzene, and adopt the correct resonance representation which constitutes only two Kekulé structures.

This experiment elucidates a simple method for preparing and separating carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which were fabricated directly by using biological active substance of milk as the precursor and separated by adopting a new strategy of 'gradient extraction'. Furthermore, the relationship between the surface polarity of CQDs and their photoluminescence property are investigated. The aim of this experiment is to master hydrothermal synthesis and morphology characterization of nanomaterials, the principles and operations of analytical instruments including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the data treatment methods. The purpose of the experiment is to cultivate students' general scientific research abilities, expand their scope of knowledge, and improve comprehensive capabilities for resolving practical problems by using related knowledge, in addition to mastering basic knowledge and laboratory skills.

In recent years, education for foreign students has become an important part of higher medical education in China. Inorganic chemistry is a basic course for medical students. Based on summarizing the many years of inorganic chemistry teaching in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Shandong University, this article discusses inorganic chemistry teaching from the aspects of teaching content selection and teaching method reform, in order to gradually improve the quality of teaching.

Vincent Van Gogh is considered today as the greatest Dutch painter and loved by many people. Unfortunately, his paintings suffered degradation problems. This paper introduces the pigments used in Van Gogh's paintings and reveals the fading's secret based on chemical principles, the research of pigment chemistry also can help to choose the best strategy for the proper conservation of art masterpieces.

Chemical weapon is a kind of weapon which can attack enemy's combat power by means of poison. It can kill with many ways, large-scale, high power, and long duration. It is known as "silent killer", and its basic component is chemical warfare agents. For a long time, the use of chemical weapons in war will not only reduces the opponent's combat effectiveness, but also harms many innocent people, which is not in line with ethical requirements. Therefore, it is important to reduce the harm of chemical weapons. This article first introduces the basic knowledge of chemical weapons, including the components, classification, and then summarizes the methods of detecting and degrading chemical warfare agents in recent years from the perspective of chemistry, and prospects the development trend of decontamination technology.

Constant current electrolysis is an important content of instrumental analysis courses in high education. When this method was used to detect copper in solution, it was found that the neglected trace copper in the electrolytic residue caused the lower recovery of the copper sample. In response to this problem, the experiment was improved: the copper residue in electrolytic was detected with atomic absorption spectrometry and included in the total amount. The result from the constant current electrolysis was revised to improve the accuracy of the experimental result. The improved experiment is conducive to cultivating students' comprehensive ability of analysis and solving problem; at the same time, it provides an example for the reform of experiment teaching in instrumental analysis.

Chromium and its compounds possess very diverse color and exhibit useful physical and chemical properties, which is introduced in inorganic chemistry. In this paper, the reaction between chromium (Ⅲ) and hydrogen peroxide is mainly discussed. With the change of pH, reactant concentration and temperature, the reaction mechanism will be different, which is mainly shown by the color alteration of the solution. The reaction between chromium (Ⅲ) and hydrogen peroxide is very interesting, because of its complex mechanism and rich colors, which could help students learn and understand the change of different valence states of chromium. In addition, the related practical application and interesting experiments are introduced.

This paper introduced an integrated experiment focused on the preparation technology of mesoporous nanomaterials for the undergraduate laboratory. A simple, efficient and highly controllable method was designed for one-step preparation of the hollow-structured PMO materials via growth-induced etching and layer-by-layer coating procedure. We reported the synthesis of monodispersed SiO₂ nanpspheres and Hollow Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (Et-HPMO). The morphology, pore structure and chemical properties of the composite materials are characterized by Infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The students can improve the systematic and comprehensive experimental skills by learning the design, preparation and characterization of series of PMO nanomaterials, which aims at enabling students to lay a good foundation in the advanced materials research.

The paper would revisit the classic story of ammonia synthesis and explore the untold details to get some hints about how an original idea or solution was produced in running research projects. There were generations of prominent scientists who had devoted to ammonia synthesis and failed with the loss of their fame, time or even lives. Fritz Haber accepted the challenge accidently, and confirmed a sound technological method that ammonia could be synthesized directly from its elements. Afterwards, his method was transferred successfully to the mainstream technology that influences the development of modern agriculture and society. The direct synthesis of ammonia has been used as one of the classic case studies of achieving original ideas or solutions by our graduate students in their professional careers. Furthermore, for the supervisors or service personnel in universities or research institutes, it would provide with an arsenal of spurring scientific discoveries or technological developments in graduate education programs.

At present, with the development of China's internet and information technology, the multimedia teaching has been paid more attention. It's the critical step that how to combine effectively the traditional classroom teaching with online teaching in the new situation to improve the university teaching quality. This paper explores and reforms the current teaching model of analytical chemistry, and builds an online + offline blended teaching mode that includes four sections: preparation, preview, teaching and teaching reflection. Furthermore, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation system throughout the entire teaching process, and finally puts forward some suggestions for the problems of the blended teaching mode.

According to the characteristics of the agricultural organic chemistry curriculum system, combined with the knowledge structure, cognitive ability, and professional competence of current college students in agricultural universities, the ideological and political education is integrated into the organic chemistry teaching. This paper conducts active explorations and practices in terms of establishing curriculum objectives, including excavating and refining moral education elements, building a database of ideological and political education materials, and holding special ideological and political reports, in hopes to shape the curriculum into an important part of the ideological and political education in agricultural universities.

The original experimental scheme was further optimized and improved by quantitatively measuring the effects of total ionic strength adjusting buffer, different tea leaves and tea-making water temperature and time. The objective is to enable students to understand the importance of controlling the experimental conditions for determination, so as to further stimulate students' interest in the science and pleasure of chemistry experiments.

The quantitative analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been widely applied to medical researches. In order to help students to learn more about the basic working principle of NMR spectrometer and the method of quantitative analysis of the drugs using NMR spectroscopy, two improvements were made about "the determination of components in paracetamol, aminophenazone, caffeine and chlorpheniramine maleate tablet using ¹H NMR spectroscopy" experimentby optimizing the procedure for sample treatment and introducing the determination of the trace component (e.g., chlorpheniramine maleate) in the tablets. the content of four components in tablets could be simultaneously analyzed under mild conditions.

Strychnine and Brucine are the two main alkaloids in the traditional Chinese medicine Strychnos nux-vomica L. However, the indiscriminate use of Chinese translations makes it difficult for the public to distinguish between Strychnine and Brucine. This has seriously affected the popularization of science and academic communications. We suggest uniform and strict annotations with these alkaloids' English names when the Chinese translations are used.

After first established in 1835, the definition of catalyst has undergone several progresses. In 1996, IUPAC Nomenclature Committee proposed a new definition of catalyst. But till now this new definition has not been adopted extensively. In this paper, the fundamental characteristics of catalyst are listed and discussed with the essential features being clarified. Based on these discussion, a new definition of catalyst is suggested. The concept of negative catalyst is analyzed based on the essential features of catalyst. It is suggested to replace negative catalyst by inhibitor. It is meaningful for us to get a better understanding of catalyst and correct misunderstandings in the present physical chemistry textbooks.

Aromaticity is a key concept in organic chemistry. It dated back to Faraday's discovery of benzene in 1825 and Kekulé's famous alternating-double-bond structure of 1865, and is still evolving in recent years. At present, some examples of anti-Hückel's rule have been proposed gradually, including Möbius aromaticity rule and Baird's rule. In particular, scientists put forward new concepts of 3D aromaticity and global aromaticity. This review not only introduces the experimental and theoretical criteria of aromaticity, but also summarizes several new aromaticity systems through porphyrin nanoring, macrocyclic polyradical and polycyclic π-conjugated system. In addition, it covers the applications of aromaticity and briefly discussed recent progress on the concepts of aromaticity.

Great progress has been made in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed. In the reaction, NHCs are mainly used for the umpolung of aldehydes from electrophilic to nucleophilic. In this paper, the NHC-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution is described in detail; the umpolung of aldehyde and the corresponding substrate react through S_N1, S_N2, S_N2', addition-elimination, elimination-addition processes. The introduction of the substitution reaction of aldehyde as a nucleophile can enrich and extension the content of the knowledge of aldehyde with ketone in undergraduate curriculum. It is also helpful for the students to understand the cutting-edge development of the discipline, and stimulate students' interest in exploration and learning.

Under the COVID-19 epidemic, online teaching has become a common choice for schools and universities across China. Focusing on the online course of "Physical Chemistry" offered by the College of Chemistry of Central China Normal University, this article presents the preparation of teaching materials, the choice of teaching platforms, the evolution of the teaching process, and our reflection on online teaching. Our teaching practice over the first half of the semester has taken the advantage of the affordances of digital technologies and brought into full playing teachers' role in providing guidance and students' initiative in learning. An online course has been collaboratively constructed by the teachers and students. Based on a survey on the students, this article discusses the merits and demerits of online teaching and implications for future online teaching practice.

A blended learning curriculum, Chemistry Laboratory Safety, has been constructed by the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Lanzhou University. Through the combination of online and offline teaching modes, the course which integrates safety training, virtual simulation learning, safety assessment and access certification has been established, and a three-dimensional, systematic and linked safety access information management system has also been established. It serves as an effective carrier for universities to carry out laboratory safety education and assessment. The students' safety values, the safety awareness of environmental protection, and the efficiency of experimental safety training are improved by the developing of the blended teaching mode, which has a positive effect on diversified and standardized safety education system.

A detailed dynamic management system of chemicals has been created based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and face recognition in the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Xiamen University. The system is designed to track chemicals from their procurement, through their depletion and the disposal of empty bottles. It has been proved to be of high accuracy, easy operation and high reliability. The data recorded improve traceability in chemical management, and the data analytics provides guideline for ordering of chemicals. The system can be extended to manage the entire life cycle of chemicals from their manufacturing, storage, transportation, utilization and disposal as chemical waste.

In the courses of organic chemistry, the resources are explored to carry out the exploration and practice of course ideology and politics, so as to achieve the purpose of imparting professional knowledge and educating students. The courses of organic chemistry are very rich in ideological and political resources, and there are many integration points. The authors summarize the following four main aspects and explore the ways of application in the development and practice of ideological and political work in the teaching of organic chemistry: 1) the presentation and deepening of dialectical materialism; 2) the inspiration of patriotic feelings and the cultivation of the sense of responsibility; 3) the cultivation of scientific literacy and innovation consciousness; 4) the combination and penetration of scientific development and social life.

The hydroboration-oxidation of 1-alkynes is important in fundamental organic chemistry. As an extension, this paper introduces the boration-migratory addtion-oxidation and boration-oxidation of 1-alkynes, which are closely related to yet more advanced than the knowledge of fundamental organic chemistry. The former one reaction converts 1-alkynes to aldehydes, while the latter two to ketones, caroboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Teaching these three types of reactions is helpful to improve the students' knowledge reserves and cognitive ability.

This paper mainly introduces the laboratory teaching experiment, preparation of trans/cis-[Co(en)₂Cl₂]Cl and determination of kinetic constants of their hydrolysis reaction, which has been carried out for 10 years and particularly designed for top-talented chemistry-majored students in Xiamen University. This experiment covers the basic theoretical knowledge such as the cis/trans isomers, the crystal field splitting energy and the hydrolytic reaction kinetics of the complex, and the experimental operation skills such as the preparation of cis/trans isomers, the spectral identification and the hydrolytic reaction kinetics research in different media. The purpose of this experiment was to let the students have a thorough understanding of the preparation of cis/trans isomers, the isolation and identification methods, and the methods of kinetic study on complex hydrolysis reaction. It is helpful for students to understand intuitively and profoundly that the structure determines property, to strengthen the deep integration of theory and experiment, as well as to cultivate the abilities of analysis, judging and critical thinking.

In this paper, teaching reform of integrating ideological and political education with functional polymer was proposed, aiming at taking the full advantage of the ideological and political education resources of polymer theoretical course. The urgency, combining elements and teaching methods of ideological and political education for functional polymer course reform were discussed. Several subject matters and contents about ideal and belief, value orientation, political belief and social responsibility were introduced into theoretical teaching of functional polymer. It is beneficial for clearing ideological belief, improving psychological quality, correcting value orientation, and enhancing social responsibility of students. It is also helpful for providing high-quality polymer talents with both ability and political integrity for the development of society.

Course ideology and politics is to integrate the elements of ideological and political education into curriculum teaching, deepen the connotation of teaching and education in specialized courses. In the teaching process, based on the basic theoretical knowledge, the ideological and political teaching system of inorganic chemistry course was constructed by integrating the development history of chemistry, the major contributions of chemists, the close relationship between chemistry and production and life, and the frontier of contemporary scientific and technological research. In this paper, the teaching design of some contents of coordination chemistry is taken as an example to introduce the ideological and political cases.

This paper analyzes and compares the structure of cubic diamond and hexagonal diamond, and emphasizes the structural differences between cubic crystal and hexagonal crystal. The template of tetrahedral four coordination and tetrahedral four coordination coupling with linear two coordination crystal structure is established based on the diamond structure, and employed to analyze the material with similar structure.

Hydrogen peroxide is a small molecule with a fine structure and wide applications. It plays important roles in bleaching, medicine, the chemical industry, environmental protection, food industry, rocket fuel etc. Here, in addition to providing a brief comprehensive introduction on the structure, chemical properties and syntheses of hydrogen peroxide, we primarily present its biological functions, detection methods, applications and safety, with the aim of enhancing the understanding of this smart molecule.

In order to expand the application of pressurized hydrogenation in undergraduate teaching and help students use hydrogen in a safe and proficient way, a virtual simulation experiment of pressurized hydrogenation reaction was proposed and constructed. Based on the work of three Nobel Prize winners in the field of hydrogenation, the virtual simulation experiment of pressurized hydrogenation was carried out. The experimental construction includes simulation software resources, learning sharing platform, mobile learning resources, process construction and evaluation system construction, which gives full play to the role of virtual simulation technology in the field of chemical engineering and blazing a new trail for some chemical engineering laboratory courses that are difficult to be carried out in teaching.

Focusing on the interactive implementation and the evaluation of teaching, the BOPPPS teaching mode was extended from the class to the pre-and post-class learning activities based on the Chaoxing Xuexitong App and QQ live broadcast to form a featured complete online BOPPPS teaching mode for organic chemistry under the situation of COVID-19. The effective interaction of online teaching was realized, and good teaching results were achieved. This online BOPPPS teaching mode has laid a foundation for the online curriculum teaching reform and the construction of "outstanding course" of organic chemistry.

As a specialized course for Chinese medicine and pharmacy, analytical chemistry experiment contains rich ideological and political elements in the teaching content. It is necessary to implement course ideology and politics in analytical chemistry experiment teaching. According to the characteristics of the specialty, the ideological and political theme consistent with each experiment was designed, so that every experiment in the curriculum can be transformed into a specific and vivid carrier of core values education. In addition, the rich and diverse curriculum design made the leading role of value and character shaping fully play.

Self-design experiment is one of the important links in the teaching system of analytical chemistry laboratory in our university. In this paper, the chromium-bearing wastewater produced in the teaching process of analytical chemistry lab class is taken as the treatment object. Students are required to independently consult the literature, design their experimental schemes, and evaluate the feasibility of their schemes. On this basis, the self-design experiments are carried out, and the harvested results are analyzed and evaluated. The implementation of the teaching process trains not only the students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also their innovative thinking consciousness.

In order to improve the undergraduate education quality, Nankai University has organized undergraduate innovative research activities of "One Hundred Projects". College of Chemistry combines its own feature, and promotes the combination of theoretical teaching and scientific research practice in the form of "Scientific Research Feedback Teaching". College of Chemistry gives correct guidance to students as to joining scientific research innovation training and obtains satisfactory education outcome. Here we report the synthesis of two flame retardants and their application in flame retardant polycarbonate, which is one of the "One Hundred Projects" carried out in College of Chemistry in Nankai University. In the meantime, the specific implementation process and teaching effect of the "One Hundred Projects" are introduced.

Borax in different appearance is compared and studied in standardization of the standard hydrochloric acid as primary standard. The obtained concentrations of hydrochloric acid are 0.1049 mol·L^-1 and 0.1052 mol·L^-1, respectively. Then based on the statistical test of the data, it was revealed that there are significant differences between the two. Additionally, appearance differences of borax, which may be caused by the change of its properties, will give rise to the error of subsequent measurements.

As the basis of undergraduate education, major construction is a systematic project, involving teachers, students, and the condition and support of teaching. The level and quality of major construction directly affect the quality of talent training. To cultivate excellent professionals and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, this paper analyzed the current status of major construction and pointed out the bottleneck of the major development by taking chemistry major of Hunan University as an example. According to the central task of "talent training" and the shortcomings of major status, we put forward reform measures from the aspects of "software and hardware" of major construction. This paper may provide some clues and references for constructing first-class chemistry or other majors.

Chemical laboratories are inevitably exposed to hazardous chemicals, which can easily cause safety accidents, making personal injury and property damage. Therefore, hazardous chemicals have become one of the most serious hidden dangers in laboratories of universities. Combined with the work practice of management for hazardous chemicals in laboratories, especially from the practice of Shandong University, we put forward the concept of "green management" on hazardous chemicals based on the characteristics and existing problems of chemical laboratories. The idea of "green management" could provide examples as the management of hazardous chemicals in laboratories of universities.

Promote the construction of "course ideology and politics" in organic chemistry teaching is of great significance for the implementation of the fundamental task of "establishing moral integrity in cultivation". Taking the teaching of halocarbons as an example, this paper introduces some examples including chemical weapons: mustard gas, refrigerants Freon, anesthetics halothane, organochlorine insecticides and the Grignard reagent to discusses the in-depth integration of professional knowledge, professional popularization of science ideological and political contents in each link of teaching, in order that students can have a comprehensive and objective understanding of halogenated hydrocarbons, and understand that the road of science is endless. Finally they will get to know how to use professional knowledge rationally and scientifically to benefit mankind.

A new experiment of the photoluminescence spectrum of organic molecules was introduced to undergraduate teaching. The emission behaviors of different aggregation with perylene and 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) as typical luminophores were measured so as to observe the different phenomena of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The crystal structures characteristics of the above molecules could be obtained by the use of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC). The causes of the phenomena of AIE and ACQ were analyzed from the aspects of structures of molecular crystals. Therefore, the intrinsic relations between photoluminescence mechanism and molecular states were discussed on this basis. In this paper, the design, contents and conclusions of the photoluminescence experiment were elaborated in detail. Combining with the teaching process, the teaching effects were discussed for broadening the undergraduates' horizons as well as improving their cognitive abilities and scientific research qualities.

According to published papers of "Teaching Research and Reform" column in "University Chemistry" in the past 10 years (2010–2019), the survey of 535 papers from the basic information of the literature, the authors and the content of the paper shows that: (1) University chemistry teaching research and reforms are generally on the rise, and the content of teaching research is relatively comprehensive, including curriculum research, classroom teaching research, experimental practice teaching research, etc., of which experimental and practical teaching research is relatively weak; (2) teaching mode is the focus of teaching research; (3) the amount and participation of different types of university chemistry teaching research and reform are different; (4) research is mostly based on cooperative research.

Kinetics is an important part of physical chemistry laboratory teaching. In this article, we present a spectrophotometric method for study of the reversible kinetic reaction process of phenolphthalein-NaOH system. The ambient temperature has little influence on the experimental reaction, and the spectrophotometer is the only required instrument for carrying out this experiment. All reagents used are in small amount and low toxic, which is in accordance with the green chemistry concept.

The "Senior High School Students Elite Program" is a training program developed by the State to train top-notch talents for scientific and technological innovation. The "elite plan" summer camp is a key part for experience and practice. Taking the summer camp of the 2019 Elite Program as an example, this paper introduces the specific practice direction and some thoughts on the training of top-notch talents for middle school students, hoping to explore with the colleagues.