Adv. Search
2024 Vol. 39,No. 8Published:28 August 2024
Study and Reform of Chemical Education
  • Chemistry Experimental Teaching Reform for the Promotion of Training Exceptional Chemistry Teachers for Normal Schools
  • Dongcheng Liu, Xiaokun Li, Huancheng Hu, Cunji Gao, Qiong Hu, Shuting Li, Yuning Liang
  • Experimental instruction is a vital means to validate theoretical knowledge, cultivate experimental skills, and enhance scientific literacy for students. Guided of curricular ideology and politic education, the School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Sciences of Guangxi Normal University has diligently designed a syllabus for chemistry laboratory courses. It has organized the content meticulously and conducted experimental teaching that synergizes "learning", “practice”, “speaking” and “writing”. The introduction of a capability-oriented, continuous assessment and evaluation method has facilitated the deep integration of pedagogical and academic elements within the experimental teaching process, aiming to cultivate high-caliber, professional, innovative, and exceptional chemistry teachers.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 1-6. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311072
  • Exploration and Practice of the “134” Ideological and Political Teaching Model in the Introduction to Applied Chemistry
  • Jing Li, Lin Tian, Zhao Li, Yan Chen, Zongfei Yang, Huanhuan Shi
  • Curriculum integrated with ideological and political education is an important approach for moral education in Chinese higher education. In the context of establishing first-class undergraduate majors, the implementation of ideological and political construction in professional introductory courses is essential for achieving the "Trinity" model of talent cultivation. This paper focus on the ideological and political teaching construction in the introductory course of Applied Chemistry, analyzing the current teaching status and its necessity. Positioned to cultivate application-oriented undergraduate talents and aligned with the graduation requirements of engineering education accreditation, this study delves into the “134” ideological and political teaching model. It explores four key dimensions: the teaching content of introductory courses, ideological and political elements, teaching methods, and teaching evaluation. We have reconstructed the teaching content to include six themes, embedding the ideological threads of “chemical spirit, craftsman spirit, and national spirit.” This approach employs diverse methods to seamlessly integrate moral and intellectual education, aiding students in objectively understanding chemical engineering concepts. Evaluation data indicates that the “134” model significantly enhances the educational quality and effectiveness of the professional introduction, fostering a comprehensive “Trinity” curriculum system and contributing to the development of elite undergraduate programs.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 7-15. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311047
  • Exploration and Practice of University Chemistry Laboratory Course Reform in the Context of Emerging Medical Education
  • Jinxin Guo, Shuyong Zhang, Rongxiu Zhu, Zhenghu Xu
  • Focusing on the training objectives of medical students in the context of emerging medical education, this paper addresses the prevalent issues in the traditional chemistry laboratory courses within medical schools. This reform is conducted through four key dimensions: educational philosophy, course content, teaching methods and evaluation systems. It establishes a novel learning paradigm that encourages student-driven, collaborative and inquiry-based learning, while emphasizing the deep integration of in-class and extracurricular activities. This approach aims to develop a distinctive Chinese model of foundational chemistry courses in universities, supporting the cultivation of medical professionals.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 16-22. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311062
  • Laying the Groundwork for General Chemistry Experiment Teaching: Exploration and Summary of Assisting Experiment Preparatory Work through Online and Offline Integration
  • Xiaojun Wu, Kai Hu, Faqiong Zhao
  • Pre-laboratory preparation is a crucial component in experimental instruction. The scientific design and effective implementation of preparation not only directly impact the students’ learning effectiveness and the teachers’ instructional efficacy, but also play a pivotal role in cultivating students’ cognitive ability and inquiry spirit, acting as a small lever that can yield significant educational benefits. This paper presents the exploration and summary of an approach adopted by the General Chemistry Experimental Course Team at Wuhan University, which utilizes a blend of online and offline resources to assist lower-year students in their laboratory preparation. It highlights the innovative use of interactive lecture notes and a “Six-Step” preparatory teaching model, aimed at subtly fostering students’ critical thinking and self-learning abilities for steady enhancement.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 23-27. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312052
  • Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Physical Chemistry Courses for Non-Chemistry Majors
  • Bing Sun
  • This paper presents the development of an ideological and political education teaching system for non-chemical majors in geology and materials science, based on the knowledge system of physical chemistry. The teaching system is centered around three main themes: correct worldview and scientific methodology, scientific exploration and scientific spirit, and humanistic literacy and cultural inheritance. By integrating the reconstructed physical chemistry knowledge system with ideological and political education, the teaching design aims to shape students’ values. The successful integration of ideological and political elements into teaching practice has resulted in positive teaching outcomes.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 28-35. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311080
  • Exploration and Practice in Developing a Premier Course in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
  • Fan Yu, Aihua Li, Yun Liu, Tianrong Zhu, Liang Wang, Junhui Xu, Yazhen Wang
  • A first-class curriculum stands at the heart of talent education, playing a pivotal role in achieving the educational objectives. Against the backdrop of the “Double Frist-Class” initiative, this paper examines the construction approach and practices of the provincial-level premier course in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at Jianghan University. Educational reforms have been implemented in three key areas: the integration of professional and ideological education, consolidation of teaching content and resources, and the blending of online and offline instructional methods. This has led to the development of a “MOOCs + Flipped Classroom + Problem-Based-Learning (PBL)” instructional model and a “Three-Phase, Seven-Step” teaching methodology, both aimed at enhancing students’ engagement and fostering their self-directed learning skills. These measures offer valuable insights for the development of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry courses at local colleges and universities.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 36-43. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312037
  • Exploration and Implementation of a Dual-Pathway Blended Teaching Model in General Chemistry Experiment Course: A Case Study of Copper Glycine Synthesis and Its Thermal Analysis
  • Meiyu Lin, Yuxin Fang, Songzhang Shen, Yaqian Duan, Wenyi Liang, Chi Zhang, Juan Su
  • To deepen the integration of information technology and experimental teaching, and to advance the reform and innovation of chemical experiment instruction, this article employs virtual simulation technology to investigate a dual-pathway blended learning model, exemplified by the synthesis and differential thermal analysis of the copper glycine complex. This approach marks a shift in chemistry experiment teaching from a closed to an open model, establishing a two-dimensional framework of “process and outcome” and a tripartite integration of “virtual and real, theoretical and practical, online and offline” activities. It implements a diversified experimental teaching evaluation method through “pre-lab online preparation, in-lab experimental operation, and post-lab summary and analysis”, fostering students’ self-directed learning and exploratory skills. This method facilitates the transition from passive to constructive knowledge acquisition.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 48-53. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312042
  • Construction and Practice of Organic Chemistry Course in Normal Universities from the Perspective of First-Class Curriculum
  • Yong Zhao, Yunmei Bi, Liqin Wang, Rui Zhan, Guoli Huang
  • In order to improve the teaching quality of Organic Chemistry courses in normal universities, this study analyzes the problems in the construction of this course based on the principles of “student-centered, outcome-oriented, and continuous improvement”. The analysis is conducted from both the perspectives of student learning and teacher instruction. Moreover, targeted solutions are proposed, and the implementation of the “128” strategy for course construction is described. As a result, a distinctive and highly effective teaching system for Organic Chemistry courses has been established, leading to significant achievements in curriculum development.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 54-63. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312088
  • Research on the Application of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in the Teaching of Organic Chemistry
  • Hui Liu, Shupeng Zhang, Yuntian Zhang, Wei Dong, Yuji Liu, Bingxin Deng, Dongping Chen, Yongxing Tang
  • In response to the difficulties students face in understanding abstract structures and complex reactions in organic chemistry teaching, this study explores the combination of virtual reality (VR) technology, specifically the chemistry metaverse, with organic chemistry courses. This approach allows students to learn about the molecular structure, spatial conformation, and reaction mechanisms of organic compounds through interactive learning. The integration of VR technology not only improves the quality of organic chemistry teaching, but also enhances students’ interest in learning, as well as their hands-on and innovative abilities. Additionally, this research analyzes the challenges and innovations in applying VR technology to organic chemistry teaching. By addressing the gap in the use of VR technology in organic chemistry teaching and research in domestic universities, this study demonstrates its significant potential.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 64-71. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312028
  • Exploration and Practice of Teaching Reform in Inorganic Chemistry within the New Agricultural Sciences Framework
  • Yuanhong Zhang, Lin Jiang, Yanfang Wang, Chengxia Miao, Lili Zhang, Yijing Li, Junling Duan, Juying Hou, Qin Hou, Fuxian Wan
  • In the context of the development of new agricultural sciences, innovatively integrating public basic courses with agricultural elements, and optimizing teaching methods, represent critical strategies for advancing the reform of agricultural science’s characteristic basic courses. The course team has undertaken explorations and practices in integrating teaching content with agricultural characteristics, incorporating "agricultural flavor" into ideological and political education, and establishing a learning-centered, autonomous, cooperative, and inquiry-based teaching mode. Through these teaching reforms and practices, an effective integration of chemical knowledge with agricultural professional knowledge has been achieved, which is conducive to improving students' abilities to address issues within the agricultural field and providing support for the cultivation of exceptional talents in agriculture and forestry in the new era.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 72-77. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312060
  • Reform and Practice of Physical Chemistry Course Based on Enhanced Process Assessment and Evaluation
  • Jianmin Hao, Ruifeng Wu, Ying Wang, Yijia Bai, Xuechuan Gao, Yuying Du
  • Scientific and effective process assessment and evaluation can significantly improve learning outcomes, constructing an integral part of courses reform and construction of science and engineering. Under the background of engineering education certification, the existing problems were analyzed from the course orientation of physical chemistry, and the reform of process assessment and evaluation with clear priorities, rich content and incessancy was implemented. The reform and practice focused on dispersing learning pressure and changing learning habits, which has produced significant cumulative effects. As a result, it could effectively inspire students’ interest, build up confidence, and improve teaching satisfaction and learning effectiveness, which performed the outcome based education (OBE) concept of “student-centered, outcome-based, and continuous improvement”. It can be used as the reference for the courses reform of science and engineering with large volume.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 78-83. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311103
  • Teaching Design of the Nernst Equation Based on the “Flipped Classroom” Method
  • Haiying Jiang, Huilin Guo, Yongliang Cheng, Tongyu Xu, Jiquan Liu, Mingli Peng
  • To address the increasingly fierce international competition and the demand for top-notch talent, the physics and chemistry teaching team at Northwest University has implemented innovative reforms in both teaching content (integrating ideological and political elements into the curriculum) and teaching mode (flipped classroom). This aims to stimulate students’ curiosity, motivation, and proactivity in learning, foster their comprehensive learning abilities, and enhance the quality of talent development. This paper presents a teaching model for the Nernst Equation, employing a “flipped classroom” approach that centers around students and is guided by teachers’ inspiration. Through group discussions and inquiry-based learning, students’ research, communication, collaboration skills, as well as their innovative and critical thinking abilities, are cultivated, fostering a sense of national confidence and social responsibility.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 84-90. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312091
  • Exploring the Innovation in Teaching Principles of Chemical Engineering: Emphasizing Foundational Knowledge and Practical Skills
  • Yu Li, Lanlan Song, Hongxiu Zhang
  • Addressing the challenges faced in “Principles of Chemical Engineering” teaching, characterized by students’ difficulties in comprehension, application, and persistence, the teaching team, guided by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) philosophy, has enriched the theoretical teaching framework through a “multi-dimensional and comprehensive” approach. Efforts to solidify foundational knowledge and strengthen practical skills aim to cultivate chemical engineering thinking. The adoption of a “multi-project, multi-stakeholder” approach for teaching evaluation has facilitated the innovative reform of the “Principles of Chemical Engineering” course. This initiative has significantly enhanced students’ abilities in innovation, practice, and engineering thinking. Simultaneously, as the teaching team progresses with the instructional innovations and reforms, their engagement in teaching research and participation in teaching competitions have notably improved their teaching competencies.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 91-98. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312087
  • Teaching Reform and Practice of Modern Analytical Technology under the Integration of Science, Industry, and Education
  • Congying Wen, Zhengkun Du, Yukun Lu, Zongting Wang, Hua He, Limin Yang, Jingbin Zeng
  • Under the concept of integrating science, industry, and education, curriculum reform on “modern analytical technology” has been carried out. Mainly based on intra-school, inter-school and school-enterprise collaborations, high-quality teacher resources are shared. By integrating frontier science and practical production, the teaching content is greatly enriched. A multi-dimensional teaching mode is employed, including teacher-led instruction, student-driven inquiry, a blend of theoretical learning with virtual and practical experiments, collaboration of online and offline resources, and teaching supported by social media platforms. Additionally, a diversified evaluation system is conducted to promote both learning and teaching. The practical results indicate a marked improvement in teaching quality, significantly fostering the development of versatile talents adept in theoretical knowledge, scientific research, and practical application.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 104-111. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312089
  • Research on the Application of Diversified Teaching Models in the Teaching of Physical Chemistry
  • Xu Liu, Chengfang Liu, Jie Huang, Xiangchun Li, Wenyong Lai
  • Physical chemistry is a fundamental course in chemistry, materials science, and related fields, characterized by abstract concepts, numerous formulas, theoretical systems, and strong logical foundations. Students generally consider that concepts are obscure and difficult to understand, and the classroom participation is low. Moreover, it is difficult to use knowledge to solve problems, and form general thinking via physical chemistry. In response to the characteristics of the bachelor-master-doctor integrated training in our school, we have formed a diversified teaching model that integrates science and teaching through diversified course content interconnection, innovative teaching models, and integration of diverse ideological and political elements. This model visualizes abstract knowledge, stimulates student interest, exercises their scientific thinking, and enhances their interest in scientific research.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 112-118. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402021
  • Exploration and Practice of the “Four-Level, Three-Linkage” General Chemistry Course System
  • Yingying Chen, Di Xu, Congmin Wang
  • Higher education combines both breadth and depth, with chemistry serving as a core discipline facilitating the development of other subjects. General chemistry courses are designed to cultivate the precise logical thinking and judgment skills in chemistry among university students. Aiming to advance the construction of “new engineering, new medicine, and new agricultural sciences”, the Department of Chemistry at Zhejiang University has inaugurated eight general courses for nearly 50 majors across the university. The department has pioneered a “four-level, three linkage” general chemistry curriculum system, spanning University Chemistry, General Chemistry (A/H), General Chemistry (B), to Engineering Chemistry, supported by an integrated teacher-teaching department-student management trio and an extensive teaching assistant program. This innovation system develops a chemistry education framework that prioritizes student development, substantially elevating the chemical acumen and problem-solving abilities of students in “new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural sciences”.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 119-125. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401057
  • Exploration on College Chemistry Teaching Focused on Cultivation of Scientific Research Ability
  • Dapeng Liu, Fang Wang, Jingbin Zeng
  • This study develops a College Chemistry teaching system at China University of Petroleum, aligned with the training objectives of Science Experimental Class. By optimizing teaching contents, reforming teaching methods, and organizing students to practice, the integration of developing scientific research ability into the entire chemistry curriculum is achieved seamlessly. Following the principle of tailored education, the curriculum emphasizes complexity, innovation, and challenge. It can also enhance students’ scientific literacy, innovative awareness, and scientific research ability through knowledge acquisition, capability development, and skill training. This approach aims to maximize student growth and lay a solid foundation for future academic pursuits.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 126-131. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401034
  • Exploration for the Chemistry Innovative Talent Cultivation from an Interdisciplinary Perspective
  • Qun Wang, Yang Li, Songtao Lu, Hongjun Kang, Yang Hong, Xiaohong Wu
  • The new era is characterized by knowledge production diversity, interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation. Engineering universities urgently need to update their scientific talent cultivation mechanisms to stay aligned with these evolving demands. Over the past twenty years, the Department of Materials Chemistry at Harbin Institute of Technology has responded to the major strategic needs of national aerospace. It has developed a unique “Big Chemistry” approach to science education, characterized by its aerospace and defense focus and a “Trinity and Multidimensional Integration” model that combines multiple disciplines. This paper provides a systematic exploration and implementation of this model, detailing the formation process, conceptual framework, construction of a molecular knowledge system, and the cultivation of cross-disciplinary practical skills through “Triple mentorship and Triple Practice”.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 132-135. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401052
  • Innovations in “Four-in-One” Inorganic Chemistry Education
  • Gonglan Ye, Xia Yin, Feng Xu, Peng Yang, Yingpeng Wu, Huilong Fei
  • Inorganic Chemistry, typically taught to freshmen, is a foundational yet theoretically intense course that often challenges students’ ability to synchronize theory with practical experiments. To address these issues and particularly to enhance the learning capabilities of top-performing students, reforms have been made thoroughly. Utilizing a blended learning model supported by an Information resource platform and artificial intelligence knowledge graph, we have managed to integrate learning processes effectively, enhancing individualized learning and self-study capabilities. Additionally, the introduction of virtual simulation experiment has bridged the gap between theoretical instruction and experimental application, enriching students’ deep learning experiences. Immersive learning environment, facilitated by collaborations with local geological museums and our school’s laboratory platforms, has been established to integrate theory with practical application effectively, boosting students’ practical and innovative skills. Through these innovations, the course has been enriched resource availability, increased recognition from peers, and significant enhancement in students’ practical and innovative capabilities.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 136-141. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401071
Survey of Chemistry
  • Analysis of Gas-Solid Adsorption Behavior in Resistive Gas Sensing Process
  • Fang Niu, Rong Li, Qiaolan Zhang
  • Gas adsorption on solid surfaces can be categorized into two types: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. By applying knowledge of surface chemistry, this study aims to simulate and analyze experimental results in the resistive gas sensing process. The objective is to investigate the adsorption behavior and utilize it as research material for undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship projects and undergraduate thesis designs. This research will enhance students’ understanding of gas-solid adsorption principles, improve their ability to apply theory to practice, and cultivate their scientific research skills.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 142-148. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311102
  • Aromatic Alkali Metal Reagents: Structures, Properties and Applications
  • Zitong Chen, Zipei Su, Jiangfeng Qian
  • Aromatic alkali metal reagents are prepared through the spontaneous reaction between alkali metals and aromatic compounds in aprotic solvents. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from the alkali metal to the aromatic compound, resulting in the formation of radical anions. The properties of aromatic alkali metal reagents vary depending on the choice of aromatic compounds, alkali metals, and aprotic solvents. These reagents have found extensive applications in fields such as anionic polymerization, chemical prelithiation of electrode materials and ion-intercalation-assisted exfoliation of two-dimensional materials. Despite their promising applications, the introduction of aromatic alkali metal compounds in most basic chemistry textbooks is limited. This article aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, and recent advances in the application of aromatic alkali metal reagents. By expanding the coverage of these reagents in teaching, it will contribute to broadening students’ understanding of cutting-edge scientific research, enhancing their scientific literacy, and promoting the reform of undergraduate chemistry education.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 149-162. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311054
  • Application in Inorganic Synthesis of Ionic Liquids
  • Wenjun Zheng
  • This paper presents a review of the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in inorganic synthesis. The main functions of ILs used in inorganic synthesis are discussed briefly, such as the template agents, solvents, and precursors. Moreover, the interaction type between ILs and the surface of targets, and the adsorption selectivity of ILs guided by “geometric matching principle” are both briefly described.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 163-168. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401020
  • Introduction to Metal-Catalyzed β-Carbon Elimination Reaction of Cyclopropenones
  • Guojie Xu, Fang Yu, Yunxia Wang, Meng Sun
  • Cyclopropenones, possessing Hückel aromaticity, are three-membered cyclic compounds that serve as ideal substrates for C―C bond activation. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the organic chemical reactions involving cyclopropenones through the β-carbon elimination pathway, thus offering valuable references for the study of transition metal-catalyzed C―C bond activation reactions and the transformation applications of cyclopropenones.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 169-173. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401060
Chemistry Laboratory
  • Cobalt’s Valor, Nickel’s Foe: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment Utilizing a Cobalt-based Imidazolate Framework for Nickel Ion Removal
  • Guang Huang, Lei Li, Dingyi Zhang, Xingze Wang, Yugai Huang, Wenhui Liang, Zhifen Guo, Wenmei Jiao
  • Nickel, prevalently utilized in sectors such as new energy vehicle batteries and electroplating, has brought the environmental challenges, especially in the context of the national dual carbon strategy. The treatment of nickel (Ni2+)-enriched wastewater generated by these industries is pivotal for environmental conservation. Traditional Ni2+-enriched wastewater treatments, including, ion exchange resins, chemical precipitation, and fluidized bed crystallization granulation technology, often suffer from poor selectivity and the risk of secondary pollution. This study introduces an innovative approach employing a cobalt-based imidazole framework material, ZIF-67, which interacts with Ni2+ to form the nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH), effectively enhancing Ni2+ removal. The experiment spans material preparation, characterization, and adsorption performance assessment, supplemented by model analysis and mechanistic investigation. This multifaced approach aims not only to elucidate the adsorption mechanism but also to cultivate students’ research interest, innovative thinking, and practical skills. Tailored for an 8-hour undergraduate comprehensive chemistry laboratory session, this experiment enables students to grasp fundamental principles and analytical methods for Ni2+ removal from wastewater. It also solidifies their foundational knowledge, demonstrating the practical application of theoretical concepts in industrial settings. This experiment is designed to bolster students' comprehensive abilities, enhance their scientific literacy, and foster their innovative spirits.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 174-183. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311051
  • Comprehensive Experimental Design for the Preparation of the Magnetic Adsorbent Based on Enteromorpha Prolifera and Its Utilization in the Purification of Heavy Metal Ions Wastewater
  • Qianqian Zhong, Yucui Hao, Guotao Yu, Lijuan Zhao, Jingfu Wang, Jian Liu, Xiaohua Ren
  • This study introduces a comprehensive experiment for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent using Enteromorpha prolifera, focusing on its structural characterization and efficacy in purifying heavy metal-contaminated wastewater. Integrating fundamental theoretical knowledge and experimental skills from courses in physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and instrumental analysis, this experiment bridges these foundations with cutting-edge research in chemistry, materials science, environmental science and engineering. It enables students to deeply comprehend and apply the critical scientific principle that “structure determines properties, and properties dictate function”, facilitating a transition from solidifying theoretical and practical foundations to enhancing innovative thinking. Moreover, this experiment embodies the principle of “treating waste with waste”, subtly instilling the concept of ecological cultivation in students’ minds.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 184-190. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312013
  • Virtual Reality Technology for Safe and Green University Chemistry Experimental Education
  • Dongxue Han, Huiliang Sun, Li Niu
  • Combining the fundamental aspects of teaching activities in chemistry and emphasizing safety, environmental friendliness, and visualization, this paper explores potential technical features and applications of virtual reality technology in experimental teaching and scientific research. In contrast to simulations, virtual reality technology, with its interactive and immersive experiences, can vividly depict the procedural aspects of chemical experimental education and training.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 191-196. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312055
  • Improvement of Ethyl Acetate Saponification Reaction and Iodine Clock Reaction Experiments
  • Ruitong Zhang, Zhiqiang Zeng, Xiaoguang Zhang
  • This study addresses issues such as low efficiency in maintaining a constant temperature, uneven temperature distribution, uneven mixture, uneven reaction, and large deviations in experimental data observed in the ethyl acetate saponification reaction and iodine clock reaction. To address these problems, improvements are made in two aspects: the reaction vessel and the mixing method of reactants. The use of a jacketed beaker paired with a reaction flask as the reaction vessel and a multi-site magnetic stirrer for rapid mixing of the reactants is proposed. This improvement ensures a uniform and stable temperature in the solution, enhances the uniform dispersion and rapid reaction of the reactants, and enables accurate measurements of solution conductivity and the time for color change. The obtained data provides accurate values for reaction order, rate constant, and activation energy.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 197-203. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312004
  • Comprehensive Experimental Design on Ni-based Catalyst for Biofuel Production
  • Dan Li, Hui Xin, Xiaofeng Yi
  • This study outlines the design of a comprehensive chemical experiment to synthesize Ni-based nanocatalysts with varying grain sizes for biofuel production. Ni/CeO2、Ni/CeO2-SiO2and Ni/SiO2 nanomaterials were prepared via a conventional impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The integrated scientific training process—from catalyst synthesis and structural characterization to performance evaluation—not only cultivate students’ comprehensive experimental skills, but also enhance their research literacy. This experiment aims to illuminate the intrinsic relationship between material structure and function, fostering a curiosity for investigating the unknown in the scientific realm. Moreover, the experiment incorporates a curricular focus on the “energy crisis”, heightening students’ awareness of current energy and environmental challenges, and inspiring a personal commitment to environmental stewardship.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 204-211. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312046
  • Synthesis and Application of Decanedioic Acid-N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester: Exploration of Teaching Reform in Comprehensive Applied Chemistry Experiment
  • Lirui Shen, Kun Liu, Ying Yang, Dongwan Li, Wengui Chang
  • This paper introduces a comprehensive applied chemistry experiment on the synthesis and application of an active ester cross-linking agent. The experiment involves the preparation of decanedioic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-DA), identification of its structure, and its application in improving collagen thermal stability. Initially, NHS-DA is synthesized from decanedioic acid, and N-hydroxysuccinimide using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbondiimide hydrochloride as a condensing agent, achieving a yield of approximately 85%. The product’s structure is confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating the successful synthesis of high-purity NHS-DA. Subsequently, NHS-DA is applied to cross-link collagen sponge, with differential scanning calorimetry demonstrating enhanced thermal stability, thus promoting its application potential. The experiment is characterized by mild conditions, rapid reaction rates, high yields, and the recyclability of waste acetone, incorporating the use of various advanced instruments. It effectively integrates theoretical knowledge with practical application, fostering students' innovative thinking and expanding their scientific perspectives.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 212-220. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312035
  • Preparation of Cuprous Iodide Coordination Polymer and Fluorescent Detection of Nitrite: A Comprehensive Chemical Design Experiment
  • Qin Hou, Jiayi Hou, Aiju Shi, Xingliang Xu, Yuanhong Zhang, Yijing Li, Juying Hou, Yanfang Wang
  • To foster student’s research acumen and innovative abilities, and to deepen their comprehension of inorganic cluster compounds and fluorescent properties, a comprehensive experiment focusing on the synthesis of a cuprous iodide coordination polymer and its application in fluorescent detection of nitrites is designed. This experiment employs a nano-precipitation technique for the preparation of cuprous iodide coordination polymer. Various analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometer, were utilized to characterize the material’s structure and properties. The investigation into the polymer’s fluorescence in detecting nitrites revealed high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.73 µmol∙L−1, positioning the material as a viable “on-off” fluorescence probe for nitrite detection. Through this experiment, students can not only gain the deeper understanding of the structure of cluster polymers and the frontiers of fluorescence detection, but also learn the fundamental knowledge and operational skills in analytical instruments like UV-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer. This groundwork is essential for their future engagement in scientific research and related professional activities.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 221-229. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312056
  • Exploration and Practice on Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Experimental Teaching
  • Wei Peng, Baoying Wen, Huamin Li, Yiru Wang, Jianfeng Li
  • Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive analytical technique, provides information about the structure and composition of substances. It has been widely applied in the fields of chemistry, biology, and materials science for analysis and research. Through three years of pedagogical development, our instructional design for Raman scattering spectroscopy experiment has accumulated considerable practical experience. This experimental course is structured around three segments: qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis, initiating with the intriguing task of distinguishing between authentic and counterfeit jadeite—a familiar challenge that ignites students’ curiosity and eagerness to delve into Raman spectroscopy. Utilizing portable Raman spectrometer enables students to gain an understanding of the instrument's construction and functionality, while mastering the fundamental concepts of Raman spectroscopy and its surface-enhanced variant. This educational venture equips students with the proficiency to adeptly conduct Raman spectroscopic analyses on solid and liquid samples, as well as trace substances, thus establishing a solid foundation for their mastery of related spectroscopy analysis courses.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 230-240. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312062
  • Comprehensive Organic Chemistry Experiment: Synthesis and Characterization of Triazolopyrimidine Compounds
  • Aidang Lu, Yunting Liu, Yanjun Jiang
  • Triazolopyrimidine compounds containing carboxyl and thioether groups were synthesized using 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, benzyl bromide, and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (EMME) as starting materials. The synthesis involved nucleophilic substitution, cyclization, and hydrolysis reactions. The resulting products were characterized and analyzed for their structures. The experiment included techniques such as heating reflux, TLC (thin-layer chromatography) detection, filtration, and recrystallization, which aimed to enhance students’ skills in multi-step organic compound synthesis and spectral analysis. Triazolopyrimidine compounds are widely found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of these compounds not only provides insight into societal demands but also integrates cutting-edge research and theoretical knowledge taught in the classroom, thereby improving the quality of experimental teaching and achieving excellent educational outcomes.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 241-246. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401029
  • Comprehensive Experimental Design of Undergraduate Students Based on Interdisciplinarity: Study on the Effect of Quercetin on Chlorination Activity of Myeloperoxidase
  • Rong Tian, Yadi Yang, Naihao Lu
  • This paper presents a comprehensive experiment within the interdisciplinary field of chemical biology, closely aligned with the cutting-edge of the discipline, deeply integrating science and education. Utilizing both chemical and biological methods within an in vitro biochemical reaction system, this study investigates effects of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the redox cycle of myeloperoxidase (MPO) within biological organisms. The mechanism of quercetin affecting the chlorination activity of MPO is clarified through molecular docking techiniques and a series of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The implementation of this experiment aids in broadening students’ perspectives, igniting their interest in scientific research, and enhancing their comprehensive experimental abilities. It offers valuable insights and examples for the development of multidisciplinary innovative talents in chemistry-related majors.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 247-254. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312064
  • A Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Experiment: Colorimetric Detection of Vitamin C Using Nanozyme and Smartphone
  • Liwei Wang, Guangran Ma, Li Wang, Fugang Xu
  • This experiment introduces a novel colorimetric analysis leveraging nanozymes developed by Chinese scientists in conjunction with widely accessible smartphones. It is designed to intertwine cutting-edge scientific advancements with ideological education within the chemistry curriculum, enabling students to acquire knowledge and skills while gaining insights into leading scientific fields. This approach not only bolsters cultural confidence and fosters a spirit of rigorous scientific inquiry and innovation but also enriches to overall educational impact of laboratory teaching. Without the need for expensive, sophisticated equipment, the experiment offers robust operability and flexibility, making it an ideal component of advanced analytical chemistry or comprehensive chemistry courses.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 255-262. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312094
  • Application of Comparative Teaching Method in Experimental Project Design of Instrumental Analysis Course: A Case Study in Chromatography Experiment Teaching
  • Jingming Li, Bowen Ding, Nan Li, Nurgul
  • Chromatographic analysis represents a prevalent technique within modern instrumental analysis. Chromatography, encompassing both gas and liquid chromatographic methods, is a fundamental component of instrumental analysis experiment course in higher education institutions. Despite their shared separation principles, gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) exhibit distinct characteristics and applications. Leveraging the comparative teaching method, this study involves the execution of chromatographic separation of benzene, toluene and m-xylene using both GC and LC instruments within the framework of an instrumental analysis experimental course. This comparative approach facilitates a deeper understanding and appreciation of chromatographic techniques among students by elucidating the theoretical underpinnings, experimental conditions, operational methodologies, and outcomes associated with each method. Furthermore, this pedagogical strategy serves as a preparatory step for students’ future research endeavors.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 263-269. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312078
  • Experiment Improvement of “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” Based on the New Medical Concept
  • Tong Zhou, Jun Li, Zitian Wen, Yitian Chen, Hailing Li, Zhonghong Gao, Wenyun Wang, Fang Liu, Qing Feng, Zhen Li, Jinyi Yang, Min Liu, Wei Qi
  • The concept of “New Medical Science” represents a paradigm shift in medicine, extending its focus from a primarily treatment-oriented practices to a comprehensive lifecycle that includes prevention, treatment, and wellness. Guided by the principle of “New Medical Science”, this paper conducts interdisciplinary innovation in the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment, a core component of the Basic Medical Chemistry Experiment curriculum. The innovation include: (1) Replacing concentrated ammonia with sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na4Y), a chelating agent commonly used in clinical settings, to alter the concentration of Cu2+/Zn2+ in the experiment measuring battery electromotive force; (2) Substituting the Br2/Br− redox couple with the C6H6O6 (oxidized form)/C6H8O6 (reduced form) redox couple of vitamin C (Vc) to study the redox properties of different redox couples;(3) Introducing an experiment that involves the reduction of Fe3+ by glutathione, fostering interdisciplinary thinking on the medically relevant process of cellular iron death. These modifications not only make the “Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential” experiment more eco-friendly but also bridge medical education and chemistry, underlining the importance of “New Medical Science” concept in foundational chemistry education.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 276-281. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401005
  • Integrating Science and Education in a Comprehensive Chemistry Design Experiment: The Preparation of Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Application in Dye Water Remediation
  • Simin Fang, Wei Huang, Guanghua Yu, Cong Wei, Mingli Gao, Guangshui Li, Hongjun Tian, Wan Li
  • To align with the national polices of energy saving and pollution reduction, a comprehensive design experiment was devised. Students are guided through the synthesis of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles and its subsequent application in the remediation of dye wastewater, examining the influence of various experimental conditions on the degradation efficiency. This experiment not only covers fundamental laboratory skills and the use of common instruments, but also introduces students to advanced concepts like nanomaterials preparation, oxidation degradation, and aquatic remediation. By adopting a research-oriented teaching approach, this experiment fosters independent thinking among students, effectively developing the scientific research and innovation abilities of undergraduates in lower grades and enhancing their sense of social responsibility.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 282-289. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401023
  • The Use of Viscosity Method for Predicting the Life Expectancy of Xuan Paper-based Heritage Objects
  • Yujia Luo, Yunpeng Qi, Huiping Xing, Yuhu Li
  • An experiment designed to predict the lifetime of the Xuan paper using the viscosity method is introduced in the form of group collaboration. This experiment is targeted at junior students who majored in conservation of cultural relics, with eight groups involved. Using a jacketed viscometer, the intrinsic viscosity of the two types of undegraded and degraded Xuan papers was determined, and the corresponding degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated. Then data were collected from all groups, and degradation rates of the papers were then calculated, which were then used to predict the life expectancy of the Xuan papers. The aim was to enhance students’ teamwork skills, practical experience, problem-solving abilities, data analysis, and scientific research capabilities, while also guiding them to apply their chemical knowledge to practical conservation for paper-based objects.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 290-294. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401037
  • Preparation and Application of a Streptomycin Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor: A Suggested Comprehensive Analytical Chemical Experiment
  • Jiarong Feng, Yejie Duan, Chu Chu, Dezhen Xie, Qiu'e Cao, Peng Liu
  • This paper outlines a comprehensive, inquiry-based instrumental analysis experiment to integrate molecular imprinting technology into undergraduate education. The experiment commences with the fabrication of a streptomycin molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor (STR-MIM/GCE) via the electropolymerization method. Subsequent characterization of the sensor employs cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Utilizing potassium ferricyanide as a probe, a differential pulse voltammetry technique is developed for the electrochemical quantification of streptomycin, with milk serving as a real-world sample for testing. This experiment involves the modification and characterization of electrode surface, alongside the development and application of electrochemical analysis methods. The experiment uses readily available and cost-effective reagents, avoids the need for sophisticated instrumentation, and is designed with a duration suitable for undergraduate coursework.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 295-305. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401016
  • Preparation of Highly Dispersed LDHs-based Catalysts and Testing of Nitro Compound Reduction Performance: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment for Research Transformation
  • Yanan Liu, Yufei He, Dianqing Li
  • A comprehensive chemical experiment was designed based on scientific research achievements to investigate the controllable preparation of LDHs (highly dispersed layer double hydroxides)-based catalysts and the catalytic reduction of nitro compounds. The experiment involves the synthesis of inorganic functional materials and catalytic materials, characterization of crystal structure, morphology, and chemical bonds of the catalytic materials, evaluation of catalytic reaction performance, and kinetic studies. By conducting this experiment, students are enabled to grasp scientific research methods, enhance their ability to think independently and explore innovative ideas, and develop skills in practical problem-solving using their knowledge of chemistry. This experiment plays a significant role in fostering the cultivation of high-quality and innovative composite talents in the new era.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 306-313. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401081
  • Facile Synthesis of FeBTC Metal-Organic Gel and Its Adsorption of Cr2O72−: A Physical Chemistry Innovation Experiment
  • Shasha Ma, Zujin Yang, Jianyong Zhang
  • A comprehensive physical chemistry experiment has been designed about the preparation and adsorption performance of metal-organic gel based on cutting-edge scientific research. FeBTC metal-organic gel was prepared by simple mixing of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and ferric nitrate, and FeBTC was dried using different drying techniques. The structure of FeBTC was investigated. The specific surface area of FeBTC was determined through N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. The adsorption kinetics of FeBTC towards Cr2O72− was studied for wastewater treatment.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 314-323. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401008
  • Experimental Design for the Two-Step Synthesis of Paracetamol from 4-Hydroxyacetophenone
  • Yongqing Kuang, Jie Liu, Jianjun Feng, Wen Yang, Shuanglian Cai, Ling Shi
  • A two-step synthetic experiment to produce paracetamol from 4-hydroxyacetophenone was designed for undergraduate organic chemistry courses. The experiment begins with the condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone with hydroxylamine to form 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime. This oxime then undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement catalyzed by cyanuric chloride to yield paracetamol. The experiment incorporates several essential organic laboratory techniques, such as reflux, extraction, drying, filtration, rotary evaporation, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatography, providing students with comprehensive training in organic synthesis. By synthesizing a compound of significant medical and economic value, the experiment demonstrates practical applications of organic synthesis, thereby enhancing student interest in organic chemistry. Additionally, the use of a small molecule organic catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement deepens students’ understanding of the principles of organic catalysis and the mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 331-337. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403012
Between Teacher and Student
  • “Schrödinger Equation – Approximate Models – Core Concepts – Simple Applications”: Constructing a Logical Framework and Knowledge Graph of Atom and Molecule Structures
  • Wenliang Wang, Weina Wang, Sufan Wang, Tian Sheng, Tao Zhou, Nan Wei
  • In response to the challenges of numerous knowledge points and fragmented concepts in the structural chemistry course, as well as the difficulty for students to establish a disciplinary framework and a comprehensive knowledge system, this paper proposed a logical framework and knowledge graph, based on the thematic thread of “Schrödinger equation approximation models – core concepts – simple applications”. This framework includes six branches: particle in box model, single electron hydrogen-like atoms, multi-electron atoms, H2+ molecular, H2 molecules, and multi-atom molecules. By reconstructing fragmented knowledge and forming a complete knowledge chain, this approach aims to help students understand the logical relationships, generation context and interconnections of important concepts, and provides them with a context for knowledge transfer, ultimately facilitating their understanding and application of knowledge.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 338-343. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312084
  • Exploration of Ideological and Political Elements in the Development History of Nanopore Electrochemistry
  • Zhengli Hu, Jia Wang, Yi-Lun Ying, Shaochuang Liu, Hui Ma, Wenwei Zhang, Jianrong Zhang, Yi-Tao Long
  • The comprehensive promotion of ideological and political construction in universities requires the integration of ideological and political education throughout the entire process of talent cultivation. By selecting materials from the development history of nanopore single-molecule analysis technology, this study constructs teaching cases that embody the ideological and political elements of practicality, exploration, and innovation. Through the integration of nanopore electrochemistry knowledge and ideological and political education, students are trained in critical thinking, scientific literacy, and a sense of responsibility through scenario-based teaching. This ensures the realization of the goal of cultivating high-level talents with both professional expertise and ideological integrity through the synergy of professional education and ideological education.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 344-350. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401072
  • Calculation and Discussion of Electrode Potentials in Redox Reactions of Water
  • Ji-Quan Liu, Huilin Guo, Ying Yang, Xiaohui Guo
  • In electrochemistry, φ can be calculated via φ⊖ and Nernst equation. Current physical chemistry textbooks only provide substances’ φ⊖ under acidic conditions and corresponding practices. Hence, the calculation of φ works well under acidic conditions. However, it becomes complicated under alkaline conditions for some substances cannot exist in acidic conditions. These might lead to incorrect results and confused conclusions. To address this issue, the present study calculates φ⊖ (φB⊖) from ∆rGm⊖ based on ∆fGm⊖ of involved substances in redox half reaction. Then, φ at different pH is calculated via Nernst equation, resulting in a φ−pH diagram. Moreover, thermodynamic isotope effects on φ⊖ and φ are included. This may serve as a reference for teaching and research purposes.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 351-358. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401031
  • Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Heterocyclic Chemistry Based on "Fentanyl" Event
  • Xinghai Liu, Hongke Wu
  • Based on "fentanyl" event, the heterocyclic chemistry curriculum system was improved by using opioid heterocyclic compounds as ideological and political cases, which integrate knowledge transfer, value shaping, and science popularization. The author attempts to use natural analgesic isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs as examples, their physico-chemical properties, synthesis, and application of these isoquinoline heterocyclic drugs are implemented throughout the whole teaching process. The reform of heterocyclic chemistry classroom teaching via case-based teaching methods could effectively aroused students’ enthusiasm as well as initiative for learning, and thus significantly improved the teaching effects.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 359-364. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312100
  • Exploration on the Integration Mode of Instrumental Analysis with Science and Education under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Era
  • Tianlong Zhang, Rongling Zhang, Hongsheng Tang, Yan Li, Hua Li
  • Facing the challenges of traditional instrumental analytical methods in dealing with more complex chemical samples, more trace chemical analysis and more precise chemical measurements, this paper proposes a strategy for gradually integrating artificial intelligence into the applied research and teaching practice of scientific instrument analysis. By adopting a new paradigm of scientific research, the research and development and application of analytical instruments are discussed. From the perspective of integrating science and education, this approach aims to enhance experimental teaching effectiveness through artificial intelligence methods, and to integrate the virtual simulation experiment, intelligent experimental data analysis, and diversified intelligent evaluation. Leveraging the new technology of artificial intelligence, we align with contemporary trends to cultivate high-quality talents possessing comprehensive scientific knowledge, innovative abilities, and social responsibility, thereby fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtues and cultivating talents in higher education.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 365-374. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403014
Self Studies
  • Application of Mathematica in Visualizing Physical Chemistry Formulas
  • Ruming Yuan, Laiying Zhang, Xiaoming Xu, Pingping Wu, Gang Fu
  • With the rapid development of computer technology, the role of software tools in chemical education and research is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper takes Mathematica software as an example to explore its application in the visualization of physical chemistry formulas. By using several typical examples, such as the visualization of the van der Waals equation of state, atomic orbitals and electron cloud shapes, and chemical reaction rate equations, this paper provides new perspectives and methods for teaching and research in physical chemistry. Through interactive learning mode, students can not only observe and understand the physical significance behind theories through intuitive graphics but also stimulate their interest, enhancing their initiative and creativity in learning.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 375-382. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401030
  • A Streamlined Method for Drawing Lewis Structures Using the Valence State of Outer Atoms
  • Haiping Wang
  • This article presents a streamlined approach to drawing Lewis structures that begins by constructing a trial structure that adheres to the valence states of the outer atoms, with any molecular charge (if present) placed on the central atom. The subsequent step adjusts bond and lone pairs to fulfill an octet configuration for the central atom if its electron count deviates from 8. This method facilitates the automatic generation of formal charges, eliminating the need for additional calculations typically required in other approaches that start with determining the total number of valence electrons. By focusing on valence configurations to construct Lewis structures, this method reduces the potential for errors associated with miscalculations.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 383-388. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401073
Chemistry History
  • Karl Ziegler: A Pioneer in the Polyolefin Industry – Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the German Chemist’s Passing
  • Xunzhang Fan, Yuanjin Zhao, Shufang Luo, Aihua He
  • This article commemorates the 50th anniversary of the passing of Karl Ziegler, a Nobel Prize-winning German chemist, by exploring his scientific journey and remarkable contributions. Ziegler’s unwavering passion for science, unique thinking, and exceptional experimental skills formed the bedrock of his scientific endeavors. His research primarily focused on free radical compounds, polycyclic compounds, and organometallic compounds. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which he co-invented and named alongside Giulio Natta, had far-reaching implications for the global polyolefin industry, giving rise to a market worth billions of dollars.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 389-394. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312065
Future Chemist
  • Discussion on Sextuple Bonding in Diatomic Motifs of Chromium Family Elements
  • Linhan Tian, Changsheng Lu
  • Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to explore the bonding models and relative stability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups within chromium family. This paper reviews the current research trajectory and recent advancements, specially focusing on their bonding configurations and strategies for further stabilization. The analysis suggests that the instability of Cr2, Mo2, W2 groups results from the electron repulsion in tightly packed electrons between the two individual atoms. Thus, approaches to stabilize these molecules fundamentally aim to reduce electron density and mitigate electron-electron repulsion.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 395-402. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401056
Chemical Olympiad Competition
  • Basic Theory and Competitive Exam Analysis of Dynamic Isotope Effect
  • Yaling Chen
  • Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) has emerged as a new topic in chemistry competitions both domestically and internationally in recent years. This paper elucidates the origins of first-order and second-order KIE, starting from the perspective of classical transition state theory, based on the potential energy curve and zero-point vibration energy. The role of KIE in the study of reaction mechanisms is briefly discussed. By analyzing relevant exam questions from both domestic and international chemistry competitions, the examination perspectives on KIE are identified, highlighting the continuity between domestic and international competitions. Finally, this paper offers reflections and suggestions for teaching KIE in the context of competitive exams, providing valuable insights and references for educators involved in competition training.
  • 2024, 39 (8): 403-410. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311093
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