玻璃与玻璃化转变

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玻璃与玻璃态的应用极其广泛。玻璃化转变是一种典型的非晶液-固转变,当转变发生时体系的结构并没有明显变化,因而我们无法将其归类于已有的任何相变类型。作为凝聚态物理和软物质领域的核心问题,玻璃化转变的研究已有近70年的历史。然而,时至今日,人们还是无法回答玻璃态的本质是什么这一基本问题。本文简述了玻璃态的性质以及伴随玻璃化转变发生的一些基本物理现象,并总结了半个世纪以来一些与玻璃化转变相关的理论,以期加深读者对玻璃及玻璃化转变的认识。

关键词: 玻璃, 玻璃化转变, 过冷液体

Abstract:

Glass and glassy state cover a wide range of applications. Different from liquid-crystal transition, glass transition is non-crystalline liquid-solid transition, which is not accompanied with obvious changes in structure. Therefore, we cannot classify it into any known type of phase transition. The research on the glass transition has become a key topic in condensed matter physics for several decades. However, the nature of glass state is still far away from being understood until now. Here we provide some basic physical phenomena of glass-forming systems during the glass transition, review some theoretical perspectives of the glass transition in the past few decades, and introduce some commonly used methods to investigate the structure and dynamics of glass formers, with an attempt to deepen the understanding of disordered solids and glass transition of readers.

Key words: Glass, Glass transition, Supercooled liquids

李艳伟,孙昭艳,安立佳. 玻璃与玻璃化转变[J]. 大学化学, 2016, 31(3): 1-10.

Yan-Wei LI,Zhao-Yan SUN,Li-Jia AN. Glass and Glass Transition[J]. University Chemistry, 2016, 31(3): 1-10.

链接本文: https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.DXHX20160301

https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2016/V31/I3/1

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