大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (3): 415-424.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408063

自学之友 上一篇    

几种光谱选择规律的证明与阐释

王文亮1,2, 王渭娜2, 冯丽霞3, 魏南1, 王素凡1, 盛天1, 周涛1   

  1. 1 安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院, 安徽 芜湖 241000;
    2 陕西师范大学化学化工学院, 西安 710119;
    3 太原师范学院化学与材料学院, 山西 晋中 030619
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12 录用日期:2024-10-10 发布日期:2025-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 王文亮 E-mail:wlwang@snnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省课程思政(结构化学)；陕西省一流课程(结构化学)

Proof and Interpretation of Severe Spectroscopic Selection Rules

Wenliang Wang1,2, Weina Wang2, Lixia Feng3, Nan Wei1, Sufan Wang1, Tian Sheng1, Tao Zhou1   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China;
    2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;
    3 College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-12 Accepted:2024-10-10 Published:2025-03-19
  • Contact: Wenliang Wang E-mail:wlwang@snnu.edu.cn

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摘要： 基于跃迁偶极矩阵元的基本公式，澄清了结构化学教材中关于原子光谱选律的几个疑惑问题，讨论了双原子分子转动和振动光谱、多原子分子红外光谱与拉曼光谱、紫外-可见电子光谱及圆二色谱选律的具体表述形式，并给出了相关等价判据。同时对多种光谱选律的含义与合理性进行了阐释。

关键词: 电偶极, 极化偶极, 原子光谱, 分子光谱, 光谱选律

Abstract: This study clarifies several ambiguities regarding the selection rules of atomic spectra found in structural chemistry textbooks, based on the fundamental formula of dipole matrix elements. It discusses the specific expressions for the spectroscopy of diatomic molecular rotation and vibration, as well as the infrared and Raman spectra of polyatomic molecules, ultraviolet-visible electronic spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Relevant equivalence criteria are also provided. Additionally, the meanings and rationality of various spectroscopic selection rules are elucidated.

Key words: Electric dipole, Polarized dipole, Atomic spectroscopy, Molecular spectroscopy, Spectroscopic selection rules