大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 143-153.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507041

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(一)——直接加热与酒精灯和酒精喷灯的使用

范勇1, 董志强2, 刘冬成3, 李婉4, 王薇5, 宋娟娟6, 范永仙7, 曾秀琼8, 章文伟9, 赵发琼10, 任艳平2, 石梅11, 胡敏12, 王秀云13, 李维红14, 邱晓航15, 张剑荣9, 张树永16   

  1. 1 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    2 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    3 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    4 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    5 兰州大学化学化工学院, 兰州 730000;
    6 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    7 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    8 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    9 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    10 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    11 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    12 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    13 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    14 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    15 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    16山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part I): Indirect Heating and the Use of Alcohol Lamps and Alcohol Blast Burners

Yong Fan1, Zhiqiang Dong2, Dongcheng Liu3, Wan Li4, Wei Wang5, Juanjuan Song6, Yongxian Fan7, Xiuqiong Zeng8, Wenwei Zhang9, Faqiong Zhao10, Yanping Ren2, Mei Shi11, Min Hu12, Xiuyun Wang13, Weihong Li14, Xiaohang Qiu15, Jianrong Zhang9, Shuyong Zhang16   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    5 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    12 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    15 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    16 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 加热是化学实验最基本的操作之一，熟练掌握各种加热工具及加热仪器的使用以及加热体系温度的控制是高校化学类专业学生必须掌握的基本实验技能。酒精灯与酒精喷灯是实验室中常用的经典加热工具，其规范操作直接影响实验安全与实验成败。本文基于教学实践，系统阐述了酒精灯与酒精喷灯的构造及工作原理、操作步骤、安全风险与应急处理方案，重点介绍点火准备、火焰调节、加热和熄火等关键环节的具体操作及其注意事项，旨在为实验室安全使用酒精灯与酒精喷灯提供专业指导和技术参考。

关键词: 化学实验, 直接加热, 酒精灯, 酒精喷灯, 操作规范

Abstract: Heating is one of the most fundamental operations in chemical experiments. Proficiency in using various heating tools and controlling temperature is an essential experimental skill that undergraduate students majoring in chemistry must master. This manual provides fundamental operational guidelines and standardized recommendations for various heating tools and methods, aiming to serve as a reference for domestic educators and researchers in conducting experimental teaching and scientific practices. Alcohol lamps and alcohol blast burners are critical traditional heating tools in laboratories, and their standardized operation directly impacts experimental safety and success. Based on teaching and research experience, this article systematically elaborates on the structural principles, operational procedures, safety risks, and emergency protocols for alcohol lamps and blast burners, with a focus on standardizing key steps such as ignition, flame adjustment, heating, and flame extinguishing. By integrating teaching cases, it clarifies common misuse practices and improvement strategies in instrument utilization, ultimately aiming to enhance experimental safety and promote standardized pedagogical practices.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Direct heating, Alcohol lamp, Alcohol blast burner, Operation standards