大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 87-98.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507044

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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常用实验器皿及其洗涤与干燥操作规范建议

曾秀琼1, 蔡吉清1, 任艳平2, 赵发琼3, 章文伟4, 范永仙5, 李婉6, 李厚金7, 胡敏8, 石梅9, 胡锴3, 王翊如2, 范勇10, 王秀云11, 李维红12, 邱晓航13, 宋娟娟14, 刘冬成15, 张剑荣4, 张树永16   

  1. 1 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    2 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    3 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    4 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    5 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    6 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    7 中山大学化学学院, 广州 510006;
    8 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    9 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    10 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    11 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    14 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    15 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    16山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Common Laboratory Apparatus and Their Cleaning and Drying

Xiuqiong Zeng1, Jiqing Cai1, Yanping Ren2, Faqiong Zhao3, Wenwei Zhang4, Yongxian Fan5, Wan Li6, Houjin Li7, Min Hu8, Mei Shi9, Kai Hu3, Yiru Wang2, Yong Fan10, Xiuyun Wang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Juanjuan Song14, Dongcheng Liu15, Jianrong Zhang4, Shuyong Zhang16   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    7 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    8 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    15 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    16 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 化学实验离不开实验器皿。实验器皿的合理选择及其洁净度和干燥度对保障实验安全、提高实验效率、确保实验数据重复性和实验结果准确性等具有重要意义。根据具体的实验条件和实验要求，能够正确选择实验器皿及其洗涤与干燥方法是化学类专业学生的最基本素养。本文主要介绍了常用实验器皿的分类、洗涤和干燥等内容，对具体操作提出了规范建议，并强调了相关的注意事项。

关键词: 实验器皿, 洗涤, 超声波清洗机, 干燥, 规范建议

Abstract: Laboratory apparatus are essential tools in chemistry experiments. The appropriate selection of laboratory apparatus, along with their cleanliness and dryness, plays a critical role in ensuring experimental safety, enhancing operational efficiency, and improving the repeatability and accuracy of experimental results. A clear understanding of, and proficiency in, the cleaning and drying of laboratory apparatus are fundamental experimental skills that students majoring in chemistry must develop. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, cleaning and drying of common laboratory apparatus, offers some related standard operating procedures and emphasizes some relevant precautions.

Key words: Laboratory apparatus, Cleaning, Ultrasonic cleaning machine, Drying, Operation standards