大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (2): 307-313.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502122

所属专题： 化学科普(2025)

科普 上一篇    下一篇

无处不在的化学——从暖手袋到相变储能材料

杨凯平, 周强, 魏伟, 邵伟   

  1. 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26 录用日期:2025-05-21 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 邵伟 E-mail:weishao@ustc.edu.cn Wei Shao
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省教学研究项目(2024jyxm0004, 2024jyxm0026)；中国科学技术大学智慧课程(2025xzhkc01)；中国科学技术大学校级本科质量工程项目(2025xsx01, 2024xjyxm051)；中国科学技术大学研究生教育创新计划校级教改项目(2024ycjg04)

Chemistry in Everyday Life: From Hand Warmers to Phase Change Energy Storage Materials

Kaiping Yang, Qiang Zhou, Wei Wei, Wei Shao   

  1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), Hefei 230026, China
  • Received:2025-02-26 Accepted:2025-05-21 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Wei Shao E-mail:weishao@ustc.edu.cn

PDF

338

赞

摘要： 在“碳中和、碳达峰”的背景下，如何减少化石能源的应用，开发新能源，提高能源利用率成为世界共同关注的问题，相变材料在未来拥有广泛的应用前景。本文从掰掰乐暖手袋的加热原理出发，介绍了热冰实验，即醋酸钠过饱和溶液结晶，释放相变潜热的实验现象。本实验不仅具有化学之美，在实际生活中也具有重要意义。本实验启发读者从电池对于电能的储存与使用出发，思索利用相变潜热对热能进行储存和利用的可行性，并介绍了几个相关领域的应用案例。

关键词: 饱和溶液, 过饱和溶液, 醋酸钠, 热冰实验, 相变, 相变储能材料

Abstract: In the context of global efforts toward carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions, developing alternative energy solutions and improving energy efficiency have become critical priorities. Phase change materials (PCMs) show significant promise in addressing these challenges. This article explores the fundamental chemistry behind reusable hand warmers through the “hot ice” experiment, demonstrating how crystallization of supersaturated sodium acetate solution releases latent heat. Beyond its visual appeal, this experiment serves as an engaging introduction to thermal energy storage concepts. We draw parallels between electrical energy storage in batteries and thermal energy storage using PCMs, presenting several practical applications that highlight the potential of this technology for sustainable energy solutions.

Key words: Saturated solution, Supersaturated solution, Sodium acetate, Hot ice experiment, Phase change, Phase change energy storage materials