大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (5): 1-13.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511149

所属专题： 第5届全国大学生化学实验创新设计大赛

专题 上一篇    

胶体粒子粒径测量的改进实验

钟圣元, 钟晶, 周瑜瑶, 阮李锋, 吴伟泰, 任斌   

  1. 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20 录用日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 吴伟泰, 任斌 E-mail:wuwtxmu@xmu.edu.cn;bren@xmu.edu.cn Weitai Wu, Bin Ren
  • 基金资助:
    福建省本科高校教育教学研究项目(FBJY20230248,FBJY20230270,FBJG20220144)；福建省‘雏鹰计划’青年拔尖人才项目；教育部第三批虚拟教研室建设试点“101计划”化学测量学实验课程虚拟教研室；福建高等教育学会2024年度实验室研究专项课题(24FJSYZD007)

An improved experiment for measuring colloidal particle sizes

Shengyuan Zhong, Jing Zhong, Yuyao Zhou, Lifeng Ruan, Weitai Wu, Bin Ren   

  1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
  • Received:2025-11-20 Accepted:2026-02-25 Published:2026-05-21
  • Contact: Weitai Wu, Bin Ren E-mail:wuwtxmu@xmu.edu.cn;bren@xmu.edu.cn

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摘要： 在大学物理化学实验中，胶体粒子粒径测量实验是胶体化学的经典实验项目。实验常用商品化粒度仪，测量时常存在数据结果波动的现象，而且其测量过程与数据处理过程常处于“黑箱”状态，使得学生难以判断波动是源自仪器噪声还是操作问题，更无法理解单一固定角度测量结果易受到多种因素影响，无法即时分析问题和解决问题。针对这一现状，本改进实验通过设计构建一种开放式的粒径测量仪器，并将仪器搭建融入教学，帮助学生理解如何在硬件上获得原始信号、如何提高测量精度；自主编写了配套的教学软件，将抽象知识具象化，引导学生理解粒径计算全流程。通过构建“软硬件协同”的实验教学模式，让学生能够进行“从原始光信号的获取到最终粒径结果的计算”全过程实践，既消除其对测量结果波动来源的疑虑，也帮助其提升对测量原理和数据可靠性的认识。

关键词: 胶体粒子粒径, 自搭建仪器, “软硬件协同”实验教学

Abstract: This study presents an enhanced approach to the colloidal particle size measurement experiment in undergraduate physical chemistry laboratories. Conventional teaching methods predominantly utilize commercial particle-size analyzers, which often yield fluctuating results while operating as “black-box” systems. This opacity prevents students from discerning whether variations originate from instrumental noise or operational errors, nor does it clarify how single fixed-angle measurements can be influenced by multiple factors. To address these limitations, we developed an open-architecture particle-sizing instrument and integrated its assembly process into the curriculum. This hands-on approach enables students to comprehend both the acquisition of raw optical signals and methods for enhancing measurement precision. Additionally, we created dedicated teaching software to visualize abstract concepts, guiding students through the complete particle size calculation workflow. By implementing this hardware-software collaborative teaching model, students gain practical experience spanning from raw signal acquisition to final data analysis, thereby eliminating uncertainties about measurement variability while deepening their understanding of measurement principles and data reliability.

Key words: Colloidal particle size, Custom-built apparatus, Hardware-software integrated teaching