大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (7): 351-363.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202604110

化学实验 上一篇    

电化学法实现废水中硝酸根定向转化为高附加值氨——材料化学专业本科生综合实验案例分析

王艳琴, 刘鹏飞, 蔡佳琪, 苏文斌   

  1. 内蒙古大学化学化工学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-20 录用日期:2026-05-12 发布日期:2026-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 王艳琴 E-mail:yqwang_chem@ime.cdu.cn Yanqin Wang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230702002130552);教育部供需对接就业育人项目(2023122543779);内蒙古自然科学基金(2024MS02013);2025年内蒙古大学校级创新创业训练计划(202514237)

Electrochemical method for directional conversion of nitrate in wastewater into high-value ammonia: a comprehensive experimental case study for materials chemistry undergraduates

Yanqin Wang, Pengfei Liu, Jiaqi Cai, Wenbin Su   

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2026-04-20 Accepted:2026-05-12 Published:2026-06-27
  • Contact: Yanqin Wang E-mail:yqwang_chem@ime.cdu.cn

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摘要： 水体中硝酸根(NO3-)污染已成为重要的环境问题之一，而氨作为重要的化工原料和潜在能源载体，具有较高的附加值。电化学硝酸根还原反应(eNO3RR)为实现硝酸根的资源化利用提供了一种绿色可控的新途径。本文设计了一种基于CuxO催化剂的电化学硝酸根还原教学实验，通过将废水中的硝酸根定向转化为氨，实现污水治理的同时，得到高附加值产物的目标，达到“一石二鸟”的目的。实验过程中，学生可直观观察到催化剂制备阶段由泡沫铜到氢氧化铜再到氧化铜的颜色变化、电解过程中电极产气现象以及氨检测时的显色反应，从而加深对电催化基本原理及电化学阴极反应机理的理解。该实验操作简单、现象直观，具有良好的教学示范意义。该实验可作为面向大四年级学生开设的材料化学综合实验(“电化学法实现废水中硝酸根定向转化为高附加值氨”)，有效提升其综合知识应用能力和科学素养。

关键词: 材料化学, 教学综合实验, 电化学, 硝酸根还原反应, 氨合成

Abstract: Nitrate (NO3-) pollution in water has become a significant environmental issue, while ammonia, as an important chemical raw material and a potential energy carrier, holds high value. The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) offers a green and controllable new approach for the resource utilization of nitrate. This paper presents a teaching experiment on electrochemical nitrate reduction based on a CuxO catalyst. By directionally converting nitrate from wastewater into ammonia, the experiment aims to achieve both wastewater treatment and the production of a high-value product, effectively “killing two birds with one stone”. During the experiment, students can intuitively observe the color changes from copper foam to copper hydroxide and then to copper oxide during the catalyst preparation stage, the gas evolution phenomenon at the electrode during electrolysis, and the color reaction during ammonia detection. This deepens their understanding of the fundamental principles of electrocatalysis and the mechanism of electrochemical cathode reactions. With its simple operation and intuitive phenomena, this experiment holds significant value for teaching demonstration. This experiment can serve as a comprehensive experiment in materials chemistry titled “electrochemical method for directional conversion of nitrate in wastewater into high-value-added ammonia” for fourth-year undergraduate students, effectively enhancing their comprehensive knowledge application ability and scientific literacy.

Key words: Material chemistry, Comprehensive teaching experiment, Electrochemistry, Nitrate reduction reaction, Ammonia synthesis