大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (1): 248-253.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307059

化学实验 上一篇    下一篇

物理化学实验改进：原电池电动势与液接电势的测定

徐开颜1, 高梅霞1, 方正法1, 杨素芳1,2,*()   

  1. 1 湖南师范大学化学化工学院, 长沙 410081
    2 湖南师范大学化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心, 长沙 410081
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-20 录用日期:2023-09-01 发布日期:2023-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 杨素芳 E-mail:yangsu03-11@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南师范大学校级教学改革项目(校行发教务字[2015] 90号)

Improvement of Physical Chemistry Experiment: Measurement of Electromotive Force and Liquid Junction Potential of Primary Batteries

Kaiyan Xu1, Meixia Gao1, Zhengfa Fang1, Sufang Yang1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
  • Received:2023-07-20 Accepted:2023-09-01 Published:2023-09-05
  • Contact: Sufang Yang E-mail:yangsu03-11@163.com

RichHTML

48

PDF

2412

赞

摘要：

本文针对原电池电动势测定实验中被忽略的液接电势，设计了一套测定原电池总电动势的实验装置，将其纳入实验内容，并引入液接电势、可逆电池电动势与原电池总电动势的关系的探究。改进装置简单、成本低，所测液接电势具有较好的稳定性、重现性。改进后的实验更完整、真实地体现了原电池总电动势的组成，而并非仅局限于可逆电池电动势的测定，有助于学生建立完整、正确的原电池认知和电化学知识体系。此外，测出的浓差液接电势可应用于离子迁移数的计算，将电动势法测离子迁移数融入教学，实现课程融合，提升学生对知识的综合运用能力。

关键词: 液接电势, 可逆电池电动势, 半透膜

Abstract:

Expanding upon the "Basic Physical Chemistry Laboratory" module focused on the measurement of primary battery electromotive force (EMF), this paper introduces a novel experimental design. The design incorporates the often-neglected liquid junction potential, investigating its relationship with reversible battery EMF and the total EMF of the primary battery. The revised apparatus is cost-effective, straightforward, and offers stable and reproducible measurements for liquid junction potential. This improved experiment provides a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the components contributing to the total EMF of the primary battery, transcending the limitations of merely measuring reversible battery EMF. As a result, the experiment aids students in forming a well-rounded and accurate understanding of primary batteries and the underlying principles of electrochemistry. Furthermore, the measured liquid junction potential is applicable in calculating ion transference numbers, allowing for the integration of this advanced concept into the curriculum and thereby bolstering students' comprehensive skill set.

Key words: Liquid junction potential, Reversible battery electric potential, Semi-permeable membrane