大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (4): 94-99.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310031

所属专题： 化学实验教学和管理(2023)

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希托夫法测定离子迁移数的影响因素探究

才东奇, 田福平, 赵泽瑞, 张艳娟, 戴岳, 黄斐斐, 王瑜   

  1. 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-10 修回日期:2024-01-08 发布日期:2024-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 田福平 E-mail:fptian@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家质量工程项目(ZL2022034)；大连理工大学教育教学改革一般项目(YB2022026)；大连理工大学大学生创新实验项目(20231014140433)

Exploration of Factors Influencing the Determination of Ion Migration Number by Hittorf Method

Dongqi Cai, Fuping Tian, Zerui Zhao, Yanjuan Zhang, Yue Dai, Feifei Huang, Yu Wang   

  1. School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-10 Revised:2024-01-08 Published:2024-01-12

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摘要： 离子迁移数作为物理化学课程中电化学部分的一个重要概念，其测定实验被设置在多所高校的物理化学实验课程中。文献调研及过往教学实践表明，使用希托夫(Hittorf)法测定的离子迁移数，结果与文献值有较大出入。为了降低测定误差，以及探究测试结果的影响因素，本实验从溶液装液量控制、断液断电顺序、计算电量的数据来源三个方面进行改进，尽可能降低实验操作和浓度测定导致的误差，从而分析真正影响测试结果的因素。实验表明，当采用电流乘以时间作为电量的数据来源，且采用阴极区溶液计算离子迁移数时，所得结果更接近实验参考值。

关键词: 离子迁移数, 希托夫法, 影响因素, 分光光度法

Abstract: As one of the important concepts in the electrochemical part in physical chemistry, the determination of ion migration number is involved in the physical chemistry experiment course in various universities. Literature research and our past teaching practices have shown that the ion migration number measured using the Hittorf method differs significantly from the literature values. In order to reduce the measurement errors and investigate the influencing factors of the test results, this experiment made improvements in three aspects: controlling the amount of solution, the sequence of solution/electricity disconnection, and the calculation of the quantity of electricity. After minimizing the errors caused by experimental operations and concentration measurement, the factors that truly influence the measurement results of ion migration number were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that when using current multiplied by time as the data source for the quantity of electricity and calculating the ion migration number using the cathodic solution, the obtained results were closer to the reference value.

Key words: Ion migration number, Hittorf method, Influencing factors, Spectrophotometry