大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (1): 359-363.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307025

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在重力场中的热力学基本方程及应用

李淑颖, 孙文东()   

  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 录用日期:2023-08-04 发布日期:2023-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 孙文东 E-mail:sunwd843@nenu.edu.cn

Basic Thermodynamic Equations in the Gravitational Field and Their Applications

Shuying Li, Wendong Sun()   

  • Received:2023-07-10 Accepted:2023-08-04 Published:2023-08-22
  • Contact: Wendong Sun E-mail:sunwd843@nenu.edu.cn

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摘要：

通过引入组分B的摩尔重力势能，导出了在重力场中多组分系统的热力学基本方程。定义了重力化学势，据此判断变化的方向和限度。最后列举了重力化学势判据的应用实例：理想气体压力随高度分布公式，溶胶粒子在介质中沉降平衡公式。

关键词: 重力场, 热力学基本方程, 重力化学势, 摩尔重力势能

Abstract:

Through the introduction of the molar gravitational potential energy for component B, we derive the fundamental thermodynamic equations for a multi-component system in a gravitational field. The gravitational chemical potential is defined, allowing for the determination of the direction and extent of changes. Concluding, we provide application examples of the criteria based on the gravitational chemical potential: the pressure distribution formula for an ideal gas as a function of altitude, and the sedimentation equilibrium formula for sol particles in a medium.

Key words: Gravitational field, Basic equation of thermodynamics, Gravitational chemical potential, Molar gravitational potential energy