大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (3): 215-222.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407112

所属专题: 理论与计算化学在化学及其交叉学科教学中的应用

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使用从头算方法计算标准氢电极的绝对电极电势

刘宇昂, 武跃超, 黄钧宇, 王涛, 刘晓红, 言天英   

  1. 南开大学材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300350
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26 录用日期:2025-02-13 发布日期:2025-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓红, 言天英 E-mail:xhliu@nankai.edu.cn;tyan@nankai.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    2024年教育部产学合作协同育人项目(231000627083210);南开大学2023年实验教学改革项目(23NKZZYQ11);国家自然科学基金(22273040)

Computation of Absolute Electrode Potential of Standard Hydrogen Electrode Using Ab Initio Method

Yu'ang Liu, Yuechao Wu, Junyu Huang, Tao Wang, Xiaohong Liu, Tianying Yan   

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • Received:2024-07-26 Accepted:2025-02-13 Published:2025-03-19
  • Contact: Xiaohong Liu, Tianying Yan E-mail:xhliu@nankai.edu.cn;tyan@nankai.edu.cn

摘要: 本文通过设计计算化学实验,采用量子化学从头算方法,结合热力学循环,计算出标准氢电极的绝对电极电势。具体方案为,通过自洽反应场方法,计算出质子在水中的溶剂化自由能。在此基础上,计算出标准氢电极半反应的吉布斯自由能,并通过能斯特方程计算出其绝对电极电势。通过本实验,可望加深学生对电极电势、氧化还原反应、能斯特方程、热力学循环、吉布斯自由能及量子化学从头算的理解。

关键词: 标准氢电极, 电极电势, 溶剂化自由能, 热力学循环, 团簇-连续介质模型

Abstract: This paper presents a computational chemistry experiment designed to calculate the absolute electrode potential of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) using quantum chemistry ab initio methods combined with thermodynamic cycles. The specific approach involves calculating the solvation free energy of protons in water using the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method. Based on this, the Gibbs free energy of the SHE half-reaction is determined, and its absolute electrode potential is calculated using the Nernst equation. This experiment aims to deepen students' understanding of electrode potentials, redox reactions, the Nernst equation, thermodynamic cycles, Gibbs free energy, and quantum chemistry ab initio methods.

Key words: Standard hydrogen electrode, Electrode potential, Solvation free energy, Thermodynamic cycle, Cluster-continuum model