大学化学

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由氯碱工业到海水电解——催化剂视角下的教学再思考

赵桐辉, 杨宇, 范艳玲, 宋玉洁, 王小红, 张建, 卢兴   

  1. 海南大学化学化工学院, 海南 海口 570228
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-02 录用日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 赵桐辉, 王小红, 张建 E-mail:th_zhao@hainanu.edu.cn;wangxiaohong@hainanu.edu.cn;zhangjian7@hainanu.edu.cn Tonghui Zhao, Xiaohong Wang, Jian Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22409148,22575072)；海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究资助项目(Hnjg2024ZD-12)

From chlor-alkali process to seawater electrolysis: reconsideration of teaching from the perspective of catalysts

Tonghui Zhao, Yu Yang, Yanling Fan, Yujie Song, Xiaohong Wang, Jian Zhang, Xing Lu   

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
  • Received:2026-06-02 Accepted:2026-08-07
  • Contact: Tonghui Zhao, Xiaohong Wang, Jian Zhang E-mail:th_zhao@hainanu.edu.cn;wangxiaohong@hainanu.edu.cn;zhangjian7@hainanu.edu.cn

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摘要： 氯碱工业制氯气是重要的化工产业，也是大学电化学课程中的经典教学案例。传统教学多局限于对宏观反应规律的认识，忽视关键性催化剂结构与微观反应机理的核心关联，教学内容明显滞后科研前沿。本文基于三类氯碱催化材料的发展脉络，系统梳理形稳阳极贵金属氧化物催化剂、单原子催化剂、无金属有机分子催化剂的差异化结构设计思路，剖析不同活性中心构筑模式下氯离子活化、中间体演化及析氯/析氧竞争调控机制的认知跃迁。从反应路径、竞争机制、催化体系与应用三个维度深入剖析氯碱工业的基础理论，进而延伸至天然海水电解和氯自由基介导高值合成的新发展范式，论证了催化理论升级的颠覆性价值。结合大学化学课程创新的需求，提出将催化剂迭代逻辑、微观反应新机理、海水资源化新范式融入课堂的教学重构路径，打破传统教材知识边界，实现基础理论、前沿科研与工程应用的深度融合，为电化学类课程提质、拔尖人才培养提供科学性与教学性兼备的参考范式。

关键词: 氯碱工业, 天然海水电解, 析氯反应, 催化剂视角, 构效关系

Abstract: The chlor-alkali process for chlorine production represents a cornerstone of the chemical industry and serves as a classic teaching case in university-level electrochemistry courses. Conventional instruction, however, tends to emphasize macroscopic reaction patterns while overlooking the critical link between catalyst architecture and microscopic reaction mechanisms, leaving course content notably disconnected from cutting-edge research. Tracing the evolutionary trajectory of three major classes of chlorine evolution catalysts, this work systematically delineates the distinct structural design principles underlying dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) with noble metal oxides, single-atom catalysts, and metalfree organic molecular catalysts. It further examines how different active-site construction strategies have driven conceptual advances in chloride ion activation, intermediate evolution, and the competitive regulation of chlorine versus oxygen evolution. The fundamental principles of the chlor-alkali process are revisited from three perspectives—reaction pathways, competitive mechanisms, and catalytic systems and their applications—before extending the discussion to emerging paradigms such as direct seawater electrolysis and chlorine radical-mediated valorization of chemicals, thereby underscoring the transformative impact of upgraded catalytic theory. In response to the evolving demands of university chemistry curricula, a pedagogical restructuring framework is proposed that integrates catalyst iteration logic, newly elucidated microscopic mechanisms, and seawater resource utilization paradigms into classroom instruction. This approach transcends the boundaries of traditional textbooks and fosters a deep convergence of foundational theory, frontier research, and engineering practice, offering a scientifically robust and pedagogically viable model for enhancing electrochemistry courses and cultivating exceptional talent.

Key words: Chlor-alkali process, Seawater electrolysis, Chlorine evolution reaction, Perspective of catalyst, Structure-activity relationship