大学化学 >> 2016, Vol. 31 >> Issue (12): 59-63.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604024

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Hittorf法测定离子迁移数实验的改进

孙雅飞,王静怡,曲卫东,冯媛媛*()   

  • 发布日期:2016-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 冯媛媛 E-mail:fengyy@mail.qfnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省精品课程建设项目;曲阜师范大学教学改革项目(jg05005);曲阜师范大学教学改革项目(sj201403)

Improvement on the Measurement of Ion Transference Number by Hittorf Method

Ya-Fei SUN,Jing-Yi WANG,Wei-Dong QU,Yuan-Yuan FENG*()   

  • Published:2016-12-20
  • Contact: Yuan-Yuan FENG E-mail:fengyy@mail.qfnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    山东省精品课程建设项目;曲阜师范大学教学改革项目(jg05005);曲阜师范大学教学改革项目(sj201403)

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摘要：

以不同浓度的CuSO4溶液为电解质，Pt电极和Cu电极分别为电解电极，通过观察通电前后电解质溶液阳极区和阴极区颜色的变化，定性分析离子的电迁移现象。通过电极上产生/溶解Cu的变化量以及CuSO4溶液浓度的变化，计算了不同浓度CuSO4溶液中离子的迁移数，并对浓度等因素对迁移数的影响规律进行了探讨。本文对传统离子迁移数的实验进行了改进，旨在加深学生对离子电迁移现象的认识及对迁移数概念的理解。

关键词: Hittorf法, 离子迁移数, 电迁移现象, 电极反应

Abstract:

The ion electric migration phenomenon in CuSO4 electrolyte is investigated with Pt and Cu sheets as the electrodes, respectively. The electric migration process is qualitatively analyzed from the color change of the anodic and cathodic solutions before and after the electrolysis. The effect of the electrolyte concentration on the ion transference number is analyzed through the change of the mass of Cu electrodes and the change of the concentration of CuSO4 solution. By using different electrodes, the electrochemical reactions on the anodes and cathodes are also discussed. This improvement on the ion transference number measurement by Hittorf method aims to deepen the students' understanding of ion electric migration phenomenon by making comparisons of the electrode reactions in different electrolytes with different electrodes.

Key words: Hittorf method, Ion transference number, Electro-migration phenomenon, Electrode reaction