经典内容、常教常新——以温-熵图为例

doi:10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407102

大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (4): 399-407.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407102

所属专题：物理化学课程和实验教学

经典内容、常教常新——以温-熵图为例

吴强, 侯文华

南京大学化学化工学院, 南京 210023

收稿日期:2024-07-24 录用日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2025-04-25
通讯作者: 侯文华 E-mail:whou@nju.edu.cn

Teaching Classical Contents Newly: Taking Temperature–Entropy Diagram as an Example

Qiang Wu, Wenhua Hou

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2024-07-24 Accepted:2024-08-15 Published:2025-04-25
Contact: Wenhua Hou E-mail:whou@nju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在热力学可逆循环过程中，用温–熵图(T–S图)表示系统的温度与熵的变化关系，能同时显示出系统所吸的热与所做的功，从而可以方便地计算得到该循环的热功转换效率。本文总结了T–S图在多个经典热功转换循环过程中的应用，还介绍了近期报道的、利用电势的温度效应或浓差效应构建热力学循环，从低品位热能中获取能量的几个新型能量转换过程以及T–S图在其中的指导作用，可加深师生对T–S图的理解和认识，并拓展其应用范围。

关键词: 温-熵图, 热功转换效率, 热力学循环, 新能源利用

Abstract: In the reversible thermodynamic cycles, the relationship between temperature and entropy of the system can be expressed by the temperature–entropy diagram (T–S diagram), which can simultaneously visualize the heat absorbed from the surroundings and the work done by the system, and thus the ideal heat-to-work conversion efficiency can be theoretically calculated accordingly. This article summarizes the application of T–S diagram in the several classical thermodynamic cycles for heat-to-work conversion, and also introduces the recent advances in the new energy-harvesting processes from the low-grade heat sources based on the temperature and/or concentration effects of electrode potential under the direction of T–S diagram. The purpose of this article is to deepen people’s understanding and also to broaden the application range of T–S diagram.

Key words: Temperature-entropy diagram, Heat-to-work conversion efficiency, Thermodynamic cycles, New energy utilization

吴强, 侯文华. 经典内容、常教常新——以温-熵图为例[J]. 大学化学, 2025, 40(4): 399-407.

Qiang Wu, Wenhua Hou. Teaching Classical Contents Newly: Taking Temperature–Entropy Diagram as an Example[J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 399-407.

链接本文: https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407102

https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V40/I4/399

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经典内容、常教常新——以温-熵图为例

Teaching Classical Contents Newly: Taking Temperature–Entropy Diagram as an Example

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