大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (7): 367-372.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409041

师生笔谈 上一篇    下一篇

有机化学中烯烃和无机酸亲电加成反应AE+AN机理的教学思路

刘旭东, 范慧俐, 肖军平, 杨敏, 李燕   

  1. 北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-06 录用日期:2024-10-23 发布日期:2025-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 李燕 E-mail:liyan310@ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京科技大学教育教学改革建设项目(KC2023TS12, 2024JGC036)；北京科技大学重大教育教学改革建设项目(JG2023ZD05)

Teaching Approaches to the AE + AN Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition Reactions between Olefins and Inorganic Acids in Organic Chemistry

Xudong Liu, Huili Fan, Junping Xiao, Min Yang, Yan Li   

  1. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-09-06 Accepted:2024-10-23 Published:2025-07-01
  • Contact: Yan Li E-mail:liyan310@ustb.edu.cn

PDF

309

赞

摘要： 烯烃和无机酸亲电加成是大学有机化学教学中的一个重点。针对加成产物不好判断的问题，本文综合采用静态分析、动态分析，结合核磁共振碳谱数据和共振论方法，深入分析了烯烃和无机酸亲电加成反应本质，总结出使用区域选择性判断加成主次产物的简便方法，较好地解决了高年级本科生和研究生在加成产物判断方面的问题。

关键词: 亲电加成, 核磁共振, 共振论, 电子效应

Abstract: Electrophilic addition reactions between olefins and inorganic acids are a key topic in university-level organic chemistry courses. This paper addresses the challenge of predicting the products of these reactions, which often proves difficult. By employing both static and dynamic analyses, in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) carbon spectra and resonance theory, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we propose a simplified method for predicting the major and minor products of electrophilic addition based on regioselectivity. This approach effectively helps senior undergraduates and graduate students overcome challenges in product prediction.

Key words: Electrophilic addition, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Resonance theory, Electronic effect