大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (7): 255-266.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408104

科普 上一篇    下一篇

从蛋白质到储能材料——可食用的明胶果冻电解质

张欣然2, 刘思旗2, 陈钇池3, 邹庆立1, 徐庆红1, 黄雅钦2   

  1. 1 北京化工大学化学学院, 北京 100029;
    2 北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100029;
    3 北京化工大学国际教育学院, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-24 录用日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2025-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 徐庆红, 邹庆立 E-mail:xuqh@mail.buct.edu.cn;qlzou@buct.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京化工大学德智体美劳教育教学改革研究专项基金(2021BHDJGYB22)；北京化工大学实验教学改革研究项目(SYJG2022010,SYJG2022011)；国家自然科学基金项目(52242208)

From Protein to Energy Storage Materials: Edible Gelatin Jelly Electrolyte

Xinran Zhang2, Siqi Liu2, Yichi Chen3, Qingli Zou1, Qinghong Xu1, Yaqin Huang2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 102299, China;
    2 College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 102299, China;
    3 School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 102299, China
  • Received:2024-08-24 Accepted:2024-10-16 Published:2025-07-01
  • Contact: Qinghong Xu, Qingli Zou E-mail:xuqh@mail.buct.edu.cn;qlzou@buct.edu.cn

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摘要： 明胶是动物结缔组织中的胶原蛋白经过适度水解得到的高分子材料，其具有溶胶-凝胶可逆性。本实验借助明胶的溶胶-凝胶可逆性以及果汁中富含的金属离子，制备了明胶果冻电解质材料和系列电解反应的科普简易装置。通过趣味性教学展示和适宜于大众直接参与动手的简易实验，使大众深入了解水果电池的根本原理以及金属离子在明胶内部被固化溶液环境中的运动转移特性，进而认识普通电池工作的内在机制。本科普实验不但将凝胶电解质材料在能量储存和转化方面的巨大优势充分展现在大众面前，促进公众对天然大分子和电解质科学的了解、提高科技创新认知以及激发他们的科学兴趣，具有极高的社会价值。本科普实验所用材料价廉易得且绿色环保，实验过程没有安全隐患，达到用大众熟悉的材料创新性地实现普及科学知识之目的。

关键词: 明胶, 溶胶-凝胶转变, 水系电池, 凝胶电解质, 柔性电池

Abstract: Gelatin, a macromolecular biopolymer derived through controlled hydrolysis of collagen from animal connective tissues, exhibits thermoreversible sol-gel properties. Leveraging this unique characteristic combined with metal ions naturally present in fruit juices, we developed gelatin-based jelly electrolyte materials and constructed a series of accessible electrochemical demonstration devices. Our science communication approach integrates engaging educational demonstrations with hands-on experiments, enabling the public to gain deeper insights into the fundamental principles of fruit-based batteries, the ion transport mechanisms within constrained gelatin matrices, and the operational fundamentals of conventional battery systems. This initiative effectively showcases the superior performance of gel electrolytes in energy storage applications while enhancing public understanding of natural macromolecules and electrochemical science. The experimental design employs low-cost, readily available materials with complete environmental compatibility and operational safety, successfully achieving its goal of innovative science education through familiar everyday substances.

Key words: Gelatin, Sol-gel transition, Aqueous batteries, Gel electrolyte, Flexible batteries