人工智能赋能DNA计算：探索生物信息的新前沿

doi:10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412135

摘要/Abstract

摘要： DNA计算作为一种开创性的技术，利用生物分子执行数据存储、问题求解和逻辑操作等计算任务，为突破传统计算的瓶颈提供了新途径。随着其技术的不断发展，DNA计算在复杂性、错误率及效率等方面的挑战愈加凸显。人工智能(AI)的发展为DNA计算带来了优化与提升的重要契机。特别是在数据分析、模型优化及错误修正领域，AI技术的运用显著提升了DNA计算的效率、精确性和稳定性。本文综述了AI算法的分类，深入探讨了AI如何赋能DNA计算，特别是在优化计算流程、强化逻辑门功能及改进错误修正机制方面。此外，本文还总结了AI与DNA计算在生物信息学前沿的重要应用，包括基因组学、蛋白质结构预测、疾病诊断与精准医疗等领域。展望未来，随着AI技术与DNA计算的持续革新，两者结合的应用范围将进一步拓宽，有望成为推动生物科学发展的重要驱动力。

关键词: DNA计算, 人工智能, 生物分析, 生物信息学

Abstract: DNA computing, an innovative technology that utilizes biological molecules to execute computational tasks such as data storage, problem-solving, and logical operations, offers novel pathways to transcend the limitations of conventional computing. As DNA computing continues to evolve, challenges pertaining to complexity, error rates, and computational efficiency have become increasingly pronounced. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) presents significant opportunities to optimize and enhance DNA computing. Particularly in the realms of data analysis, model optimization, and error correction, the integration of AI technologies has markedly improved the efficiency, accuracy, and stability of DNA computing. This paper provides an in-depth review of AI algorithm classifications and examines how AI empowers DNA computing, with a particular emphasis on optimizing computational workflows, enhancing logic gate functionality, and refining error correction mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the pivotal applications of AI and DNA computing at the forefront of bioinformatics, including genomics, protein structure prediction, disease diagnosis, and precision medicine. Looking ahead, the ongoing innovation in AI and DNA computing is anticipated to further broaden their application scope, positioning them as a transformative force in the advancement of biosciences.

Key words: DNA computing, Artificial intelligence, Bioanalysis, Bioinformatics

杨润, 庞华婕, 臧惠萍, 张瑞中, 张志成, 李希艳, 张立兵. 人工智能赋能DNA计算：探索生物信息的新前沿[J]. 大学化学, 2025, 40(9): 107-117.

Run Yang, Huajie Pang, Huiping Zang, Ruizhong Zhang, Zhicheng Zhang, Xiyan Li, Libing Zhang. Artificial Intelligence-Enabled DNA Computing: Exploring New Frontiers in Bioinformatics[J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(9): 107-117.

链接本文: https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412135

https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V40/I9/107

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