大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (9): 202-209.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507027

科普 上一篇    下一篇

氢原子核的自述：磁共振成像的基本原理与医学应用

余宝1, 赵欣怡1, 张欢2, 李一文3, 彭明丽1, 苟永宸3, 贾广3, 樊海明1   

  1. 1 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 陕西 西安 710127;
    2 四川大学华西第二医院医学影像中心, 四川 成都 610041;
    3 西安电子科技大学计算机科学与技术学院, 陕西 西安 710126
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 彭明丽, 樊海明 E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3203800,2021YFA1201400)；国家自然科学基金项目(82227802,82572196,22072115,62471370)；陕西省科技计划重点研发项目(2024SF-YBXM-40)；西北大学本科人才建设项目(XM05232381)

Self-description of hydrogen nuclei: fundamental principles and medical applications of magnetic resonance imaging

Bao Yu1, Xinyi Zhao1, Huan Zhang2, Yiwen Li3, Mingli Peng1, Yongchen Gou3, Guang Jia3, Haiming Fan1   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China;
    2 Medical Imaging Center, The West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China;
    3 School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-09-15 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： 磁共振成像(MRI)作为现代医学的重要工具，凭借无辐射危害、无穿透深度限制、高软组织分辨率以及多参数多序列成像的优势，是恶性肿瘤、神经系统和心脑血管疾病的重要诊断工具。从临床诊断到科研探索，MRI在提升疾病早期诊断、监测治疗效果和预后评估等方面发挥不可替代的作用。随着人工智能与超导技术的发展，快速高分辨成像、人工智能辅助影像诊断、超低场和超高场磁共振设备、便携式设备等创新正推动这一技术迈向更广阔的未来。本文通过拟人的手法，以氢原子核为第一人称，详细介绍了磁共振成像的基本原理和相关技术，重点科普磁共振成像在医学诊断方面的应用。

关键词: 磁共振成像, 对比剂, 生物化学, 科普

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern medicine, particularly for malignant tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Its clinical advantages include the absence of ionizing radiation, unlimited penetration depth, superior soft tissue resolution, and multi-parametric, multi-sequence imaging capabilities. From clinical diagnosis to scientific research, MRI plays a pivotal role in early disease detection, treatment monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and superconducting technologies have further driven innovations in rapid high-resolution imaging, AI-assisted diagnostic interpretation, ultra-low-field and ultra-high-field MRI systems, and portable devices, heralding even broader applications for this technology. Told from the unique perspective of a hydrogen nucleus, this article walks the reader through the fundamentals of MRI, demystifying how this technology is used in medical diagnostics.

Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast agent, Biological chemistry, Science popularization