关键词: 电致变色, 紫精类化合物, 取代基, 凝胶电解质, 可视化

Abstract: This study presents an integrated chemistry experiment derived from an undergraduate research training program. Focusing on electrochromic technology, we optimized the synthesis of viologen-based small molecules via the Menschutkin reaction, followed by structural characterization and fabrication of simple electrochromic devices, thereby establishing an interdisciplinary experimental framework. Investigations into substituent effects revealed the structure-activity relationship wherein electron-withdrawing groups (-NO₂ > -CF₃ > -COOH > -H) enhance electrochromic performance. This experiment cultivates students’ experimental skills and data analysis capabilities while employing intuitive electrochromic visualization to transform abstract redox theory into tangible learning experiences. The integrated approach combines theoretical learning, literature review, experimental practice, phenomenon observation, and mechanistic discussion, fostering students’ chemical research mindset and elevating their scientific literacy and comprehensive competencies.

Key words: Electrochromism, Viologen derivatives, Substituents, Gel electrolyte, Visualization