大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (10): 336-343.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202510059

化学实验 上一篇    

蔗糖水解反应的旋光管设计与动力学探究

孙立森1,2, 陈奕西3, 郑耿锋1,2, 韩庆1,2, 钱林平1,2   

  1. 1 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    2 复旦大学化学系, 先进材料实验室, 上海 200438;
    3 复旦大学高分子科学系, 上海 200438
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-16 录用日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 韩庆, 钱林平 E-mail:qhan@fudan.edu.cn;lpqian@fudan.edu.cn Qing Han, Linping Qian
  • 基金资助:
    复旦大学化学系“本科教学内涵提升计划”课题(IAH6222047/308)

Design of polariscope tube and the kinetic study for the sucrose hydrolysis experiment

Lisen Sun1,2, Yixi Chen3, Gengfeng Zheng1,2, Qing Han1,2, Linping Qian1,2   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Shanghai 200433, China;
    2 Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
    3 Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
  • Received:2025-10-16 Accepted:2025-12-01 Published:2026-10-13
  • Contact: Qing Han, Linping Qian E-mail:qhan@fudan.edu.cn;lpqian@fudan.edu.cn

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摘要： 蔗糖水解反应作为经典化学动力学实验，其速率常数和活化能的精确测定是物理化学实验教学和科研中的关键环节。针对传统旋光管在实验过程中存在的加样效率低、气泡干扰严重及反应初期动力学数据缺失等问题，本研究设计了一种新型旋光管装置。该装置采用两端嵌入式光学玻璃全透明结构，创新性地设置了一体化加样腔与消泡曲面，实现了快速加样与同步消除气泡的双重优化。改进后的设备将加样时间缩短了75%-80%，反应活化能计算准确度提高10%-20%。本研究成果为化学动力学实验教学提供了更精准的测试手段，在反应初期动力学特征捕捉方面具有明显优势。

关键词: 动力学, 活化能, 速率常数, 旋光

Abstract: As a fundamental experiment in chemical kinetics, the accurate determination of rate constants and activation energy in sucrose hydrolysis plays a pivotal role in physical chemistry teaching and research. This study addresses several limitations of conventional polarimeter tubes, including inefficient sample loading, significant bubble interference, and missing initial kinetic data, by developing an innovative polarimeter tube design. The apparatus features a fully transparent structure with embedded optical glass at both ends, incorporating an integrated sample-loading chamber and bubble-elimination curved surface. These modifications achieve dual optimization of rapid sample introduction and simultaneous bubble removal. The enhanced design reduces sample loading time by 75%-80% while improving activation energy calculation accuracy by 10%-20%. This advancement provides a more precise analytical approach for chemical kinetics teaching, particularly demonstrating superior capability in capturing initial reaction kinetics.

Key words: Kinetics, Activation energy, Rate constant, Optical rotation