大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (8): 286-291.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507114

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DNA分子的“生命编程”：从复制密码到体外应用

刘星宇, 李彤, 陈方方, 马芬   

  1. 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验示范中心, 陕西 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 录用日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 马芬, 陈方方 E-mail:mafen@nwu.edu.cn;chenff@nwu.edu.cn Fen Ma, Fangfang Chen
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省基础科学(化学、生物学)研究院青年项目(23JHQ015)；陕西省自然科学基础研究面上项目(2023-JC-YB-095)；陕西本科和高等继续教育教学改革研究项目(25BY083)

The life programming of DNA molecules: from replication codes to in vitro applications

Xingyu Liu, Tong Li, Fangfang Chen, Fen Ma   

  1. National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Accepted:2025-09-01 Published:2026-08-25
  • Contact: Fen Ma, Fangfang Chen E-mail:mafen@nwu.edu.cn;chenff@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： DNA在人体的生命活动中发挥着不可或缺的作用，本文以脱氧核苷酸的视角，简单易懂地向读者介绍了DNA的复制过程以及在生命体中的编程过程，并解释了DNA在构建蛋白质和维持生命过程中的重要作用，强调了DNA编程在生物体内外的重要性和在医学、科学研究以及实际生活中的应用。

关键词: DNA, DNA复制, 蛋白质编码, 遗传信息

Abstract: DNA plays an indispensable role in biological life processes. This article elucidates the DNA replication process and its programming mechanisms within organisms from the perspective of deoxynucleotides. It further examines DNA's critical functions in protein synthesis and life maintenance, while highlighting the significance of DNA programming both in vivo and in vitro, along with its applications in medical science, research, and practical implementations.

Key words: DNA, DNA replication, Protein coding, Genetic information