大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (7): 199-205.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506040

科普 上一篇    

磁流体王国奇遇记——浅析磁流体的性质与应用

刘佳玉1, 刘文博2, 焦王博1, 彭明丽1, 樊海明1   

  1. 1 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 陕西 西安 710127;
    2 西北大学文学院, 陕西 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-10 录用日期:2025-07-29 发布日期:2026-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 彭明丽, 樊海明 E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82320108012,22072115);陕西省科技计划重点研发项目(2024SF-YBXM-40);西北大学本科人才建设项目(XM05232381)

Adventure in the kingdom of ferrofluids: a brief analysis of properties and applications

Jiayu Liu1, Wenbo Liu2, Wangbo Jiao1, Mingli Peng1, Haiming Fan1   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China;
    2 Faculty of liberal arts, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-10 Accepted:2025-07-29 Published:2026-06-27
  • Contact: Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： 磁流体，又称铁磁流体或磁液，通常由磁性纳米颗粒、表面活性剂，以及基液三部分组成。磁流体中的磁性纳米颗粒均匀分散在基液中，磁流体的外观看着和普通液体类似，但在外磁场中磁流体的行为会发生显著变化，这种现象吸引了无数人的好奇心与科学探索。本文使用拟人化的叙述方式，以微观的角度解释磁流体的胶体稳定性和在外磁场中磁学行为变化的原理，讲述磁流体在日常生活中的典型应用，旨在用有趣的语言让人们对磁流体形成初步认识，让更多人感知磁性纳米材料的物理化学性质。

关键词: 磁流体, 胶体稳定性, 表面活性剂, 超顺磁性

Abstract: Ferrofluids, alternatively termed magnetic fluids or ferromagnetic colloidal suspensions, consist of three essential components: magnetic nanoparticles, surfactants, and a carrier liquid. These magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed within the base fluid, granting ferrofluids an appearance indistinguishable from conventional liquids. However, when subjected to external magnetic fields, ferrofluids exhibit remarkable behavioral transformations that have captivated scientific curiosity and prompted extensive investigation. Employing an anthropomorphic narrative approach from a microscopic perspective, this article elucidates the principles underlying the colloidal stability of ferrofluids and their magnetically responsive behavior. Furthermore, it highlights representative applications of ferrofluids in daily life. Through engaging exposition, this work aims to provide readers with fundamental understanding of ferrofluids while fostering broader interest in the physicochemical properties of magnetic nanomaterials.

Key words: Ferrofluids, Colloidal stability, Surfactants, Superparamagnetism