大学化学

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“穿在身上的电源”：可穿戴设备的自供能技术进展

曹晓阳, 田磊, 欧阳湘元   

  1. 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 陕西 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-10 录用日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 田磊, 欧阳湘元 E-mail:tianl@nwu.edu.cn;ouyangxy@nwu.edu.cn Lei Tian, Xiangyuan Ouyang
  • 基金资助:
    西北大学教学教改创新项目(JG2025022)

Wearable power source: progress in self-powered technology for wearable devices

Xiaoyang Cao, Lei Tian, Xiangyuan Ouyang   

  1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2026-02-10 Accepted:2026-04-15
  • Contact: Lei Tian, Xiangyuan Ouyang E-mail:tianl@nwu.edu.cn;ouyangxy@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： 随着物联网技术与柔性电子学的快速发展，可穿戴传感器在医疗健康监测、运动评估等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，一些传统可穿戴设备通常依赖外部电源供能，续航受限、维护成本高等问题很大程度上制约了其进一步发展。为解决上述瓶颈，自供能技术逐渐成为研究热点。本文介绍了摩擦电效应、热电与热释电效应、光电效应以及湿度驱动发电等多种方式，这些方法能够转换人体运动的机械能、环境中的热能和光能，或者利用人体汗液激发化学能转化为电能，从而为可穿戴设备提供无需外部电源的能量来源。同时，结合柔性电池和超级电容器等储能器件，可实现对可穿戴系统的稳定与持续供电。这些策略为摆脱可穿戴设备对外部电源的依赖提供了新的解决思路。

关键词: 自供能, 可穿戴传感器, 能量收集, 能量存储, 柔性电子, 能量管理

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and flexible electronics, wearable sensors have gained extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, sports evaluation, and related fields. However, conventional wearable devices often depend on external power sources, facing limitations such as restricted battery life and high maintenance costs, which significantly hinder their further development. To address these challenges, self-powered technologies have emerged as a prominent research focus. This article examines various approaches including triboelectric effects, thermoelectric and pyroelectric effects, photovoltaic conversion, and humidity-driven power generation. These methods facilitate the conversion of mechanical energy from human motion, environmental thermal and light energy, or chemical energy activated by bodily perspiration into electrical energy, thereby providing autonomous power solutions for wearable devices. Furthermore, by incorporating flexible energy storage components such as batteries and supercapacitors, stable and continuous power supply for wearable systems can be achieved. These strategies present innovative solutions to reduce reliance on external power sources in wearable technology.

Key words: Self-powered, Wearable sensors, Energy harvesting, Energy storage, Flexible electronics, Energy management