大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (6): 357-365.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312022

所属专题： 第4届全国大学生化学实验创新设计大赛

化学实验 上一篇    下一篇

液面蕴张力，滴水藏乾坤

董禹铜1, 许慧玲1, 赵与程1, 张泽新1, 王颖2   

  1. 1 苏州大学材料与化学化工学部, 江苏 苏州 215123;
    2 苏州大学分析测试中心, 江苏 苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04 修回日期:2024-02-04 发布日期:2024-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 张泽新, 王颖 E-mail:zhangzx@suda.edu.cn;wangyingsuda@suda.edu.cn

The Hidden World of Surface Tension and Droplets

Yutong Dong1, Huiling Xu1, Yucheng Zhao1, Zexin Zhang1, Ying Wang2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China;
    2 Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-04 Revised:2024-02-04 Published:2024-06-07
  • Contact: Zexin Zhang, Ying Wang E-mail:zhangzx@suda.edu.cn;wangyingsuda@suda.edu.cn

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摘要： 本实验以日常生活中常见的表面张力现象为切入点，结合现有文献方法，系统优化科普实验。首先，丙二醇和水以不同的体积比相互溶解，并加入不同颜色的食用色素来代表不同浓度的丙二醇溶液。然后，将不同浓度的丙二醇溶液滴加到亲水处理过的玻璃板上。由于蒸发梯度的不平衡和表面张力的不均匀，小液滴在玻璃板上表现出各种运动行为，如“追逐”和“跳舞”。此外，小液滴可以准确避开与自身浓度不同的液滴，并选择与自身浓度相同的“同类”液滴融合。这些现象反映了一系列与蒸发梯度和表面张力有关的物理化学原理。本实验的化学品安全易得，主要装置是团队自制的。实验操作简单，原理简单易懂。中小学生和幼儿园的孩子在家长的引导下可以清楚地观察到不同颜色小液滴的追逐和融合现象；该实验绿色、安全、美观，有利于培养大众，特别是中小学生对物理化学现象的浓厚兴趣。

关键词: 科普实验, 物理化学, 表面张力, 蒸发梯度, 液滴追逐

Abstract: This experiment delves into the common phenomenon of surface tension in everyday life. By systematically optimizing existing methods from the literature, we create solutions of different concentrations using a mixture of glycerol and water, with food coloring added to represent the varying concentrations. Due to the imbalance in evaporation gradient and surface tension, small droplets on hydrophilically treated glass slides exhibit behaviors such as “chasing” and “dancing”. These movements reflect a range of physical chemistry phenomena related to surface tension and evaporation. The experiment employs safe and readily available chemicals, with custom-made main devices, making it straightforward and comprehensible. With parental guidance, primary and middle school students, and even kindergarten children, can distinctly observe the chasing and fusion of droplets of different colors. This experiment is eco-friendly, safe, and visually appealing, which is beneficial for cultivating a strong interest in physical chemistry phenomena among the general public, especially primary and secondary school students.

Key words: Popular science experiment, Physical chemistry, Surface tension, Evaporation gradient, Droplets chasing