大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (11): 374-377.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402049

所属专题： 有机化学课程与实验教学(2024)

师生笔谈 上一篇    下一篇

超共轭效应对乙烷、肼和过氧化氢的稳定性与稳定构象的影响

许家喜1, 麻远2   

  1. 1 北京化工大学化学学院, 北京 100029;
    2 清华大学化学系, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23 录用日期:2024-04-03 发布日期:2024-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 许家喜 E-mail:jxxu@mail.buct.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    《有机化学》和《中级有机化学》一流课程建设项目

Influence of Hyperconjugation on the Stability and Stable Conformation of Ethane, Hydrazine, and Hydrogen Peroxide

Jiaxi Xu1, Yuan Ma2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
    2 Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2024-02-23 Accepted:2024-04-03 Published:2024-11-09
  • Contact: Jiaxi Xu E-mail:jxxu@mail.buct.edu.cn

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摘要： 乙烷、肼与过氧化氢分别是同周期元素与氢组成的、结构相似的三种物质，但它们的稳定性却依次明显减弱，且稳定构象也不相似，现行教材中没有很好地解释造成它们稳定性和稳定构象不同的原因。本文通过分析n-σ*的超共轭效应为这三种物质稳定性的变化规律提供了一种可能的解释，同时，也解释了肼和过氧化氢不以对位交叉构象存在的原因。将超共轭效应拓展到了解释无机物稳定性和稳定构象上。

关键词: 乙烷, 肼, 过氧化氢, 稳定性, 构象, 超共轭效应

Abstract: Ethane, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide are three structurally similar substances composed of the elements from the same period with hydrogen, respectively. However, their stability significantly decreases in a sequential manner, and their stable conformations are also dissimilar. These differences have not been explained adequately in the current textbooks. This article provides a possible explanation for the variation in stability among these substances by analyzing their n-σ* hyperconjugation. Additionally, it elucidates the absence of anti-conformation in hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. The hyperconjugation theory is extended to illustrate and to discuss stability and stable conformation of inorganic compounds.

Key words: Ethane, Hydrazine, Hydrogen peroxide, Stability, Conformation, Hyperconjugation