大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (6): 400-404.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403091

师生笔谈 上一篇    

原子结构中的z轴是特殊轴吗？

贾瑾, 蒋尚达   

  1. 华南理工大学自旋科技研究院, 化学与化工学院, 广州 511442
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 修回日期:2024-04-07 发布日期:2024-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 蒋尚达 E-mail:jiangsd@scut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家杰出青年科学基金(22325503)

Is the z Axis Special in Atomic Structure?

Jin Jia, Shangda Jiang   

  1. Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Revised:2024-04-07 Published:2024-06-07
  • Contact: Shangda Jiang E-mail:jiangsd@scut.edu.cn

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摘要： 通过对量子态空间、基函数、幺正变换等量子力学基本概念的介绍，阐释了原子结构中z轴表现出特殊性的原因，明确了在球对称的原子结构中，任何方向都不具有特殊性，z轴表观的特殊性主要源自人们选择了特定基函数来描述原子中电子的运动行为。

关键词: 原子结构, 球谐函数, 田谐函数, 角动量分量

Abstract: This paper introduces fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, including quantum state space, basis functions, and unitary transformations, to explain why the z axis appears special in atomic structure. It clarifies that in a spherically symmetric atomic structure, no direction is inherently special. The perceived special nature of the z axis primarily arises from the choice of specific basis functions used to describe the electron motion in the atom.

Key words: Atomic structure, Spherical harmonics, Tesseral harmonics, Angular momentum components