大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (1): 75-81.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411061

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浅谈2024年诺贝尔化学奖——通过计算模拟和人工智能破译蛋白质结构的奥秘

王冯璋1, 刘源1, 王初1,2   

  1. 1 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京 100871;
    2 北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院, 北大清华生命科学联合中心, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-19 录用日期:2024-12-04 发布日期:2025-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 王初 E-mail:chuwang@pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部重点研发计划专项(2022YFA1304700);科技部重点研发计划专项(2023YFA1506500)

A Brief Introduction to Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024: Deciphering the Mysteries of Protein Structures by Computational Modelling and Artificial Intelligence

Fengzhang Wang1, Yuan Liu1, Chu Wang1,2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    2 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2024-11-19 Accepted:2024-12-04 Published:2025-01-06
  • Contact: Chu Wang E-mail:chuwang@pku.edu.cn

摘要: 蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者和执行者,蛋白质的三维结构与其生物学功能息息相关。2024年诺贝尔化学奖的一半奖项授予了DeepMind公司的Demis Hassabis博士和John Jumper博士,以表彰他们在蛋白质结构预测领域的突破性贡献;另一半奖项则授予了华盛顿大学的David Baker教授,以表彰他在蛋白质计算设计领域的系统性研究。本文简要回顾了蛋白质结构预测与设计这两个互逆问题研究历程的重点事件,并对它们的前沿应用进行了展望。

关键词: 诺贝尔化学奖, 蛋白质折叠, 蛋白质结构预测, 蛋白质计算设计, Rosetta, AlphaFold

Abstract: Proteins play major roles in all life activities, and the three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins are closely related to their biological functions. In 2024, half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Dr. Demis Hassabis and Dr. John Jumper from DeepMind, for their breakthrough contributions to protein structure prediction. The other half was awarded to Prof. David Baker from the University of Washington, for his systematic research in computational protein design. Here, we briefly review the research milestones of protein structure prediction and design, and prospect their cutting-edge applications.

Key words: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Protein folding, Protein structure prediction, Computational protein design, Rosetta, AlphaFold