大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (11): 263-271.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504055

化学实验 上一篇    下一篇

电动势法测定电解质溶液的平均活度系数实验改进和拓展

方嘉楠, 顾友昊, 桂泽轩, 张来英, 颜佳伟, 袁汝明, 徐晓明   

  1. 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15 录用日期:2025-06-26 发布日期:2025-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 张来英, 颜佳伟 E-mail:wuzhly@xmu.edu.cn;jwyan@xmu.edu.cn Laiying Zhang, Jiawei Yan
  • 基金资助:
    教育部化学“101计划”——化学测量学实验课程建设项目；教育部第三批虚拟教研室建设试点——“101计划”化学测量学实验课程虚拟教研室；基础学科拔尖学生培养计划研究课题(20232024)

Experimental Improvement and Expansion of the Electromotive Force Method to Determine the Mean Activity Coefficient of Electrolyte Solution

Jianan Fang, Youhao Gu, Zexuan Gui, Laiying Zhang, Jiawei Yan, Ruming Yuan, Xiaoming Xu   

  1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-15 Accepted:2025-06-26 Published:2025-11-21
  • Contact: Laiying Zhang, Jiawei Yan E-mail:wuzhly@xmu.edu.cn;jwyan@xmu.edu.cn

PDF

131

赞

摘要： 电动势法测定电解质溶液的平均活度系数是一个经典的物理化学实验。然而，实验过程中，需要持续向溶液中通入氢气以形成氢电极，导致存在氢气泄漏引发爆炸的安全隐患。为解决该问题，本实验提出了一种改进方法：利用电解法制备氢电极来替代原有持续通入氢气的方法。改进后，测量过程中无需持续通入氢气，实验不再需要氢气钢瓶或氢气发生器，从根本上杜绝氢气泄漏和爆炸的风险，确保了实验的安全性。另外，本实验设计不但有助于学生理解物理化学理论课讲授的更多知识点，而且训练了学生掌握电解法制备氢电极的新技能。

关键词: 实验安全, 物理化学, 实验改进, 自制电极

Abstract: The electromotive force method for determining the mean activity coefficient of electrolyte solutions represents a fundamental experiment in physical chemistry. However, the conventional experimental procedure necessitates continuous hydrogen gas bubbling into the solution to establish a hydrogen electrode, thereby introducing potential safety hazards associated with hydrogen leakage and explosion risks. To mitigate these concerns, this study proposes an innovative modification: the implementation of electrolysis for hydrogen electrode preparation, thereby eliminating the need for continuous hydrogen gas introduction. This improved methodology obviates the requirement for hydrogen cylinders or generators during measurements, effectively eliminating the risks of hydrogen leakage and explosion while ensuring experimental safety. Furthermore, this redesigned experimental approach not only enhances students’ comprehension of theoretical concepts in physical chemistry but also equips them with practical skills in hydrogen electrode preparation through electrolysis.

Key words: Laboratory safety, Physical chemistry, Experiment improvement, Self-made electrode