大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (3): 92-99.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405072

所属专题: 理论与计算化学在化学及其交叉学科教学中的应用

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酸催化羧酸与醇酯化反应的计算化学研究

冯爱利1, 陆鑫1, 刘鹏2, 张冬菊1   

  1. 1 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100;
    2 曲阜师范大学化学与化工学院, 山东 曲阜 273165
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 录用日期:2024-09-27 发布日期:2025-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘鹏, 张冬菊 E-mail:liupeng@qfnu.edu.cn;zhangdj@sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22273051);山东省高等教育本科教学改革研究项目(Z2022024,Z2022169);山东大学教育教学改革研究项目(2024Z07,2023Y061,2023Y102);济南市科技局“新高校20条”项目

Computational Chemistry Study of Acid-Catalyzed Esterification Reactions between Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols

Aili Feng1, Xin Lu1, Peng Liu2, Dongju Zhang1   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
    2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-07 Accepted:2024-09-27 Published:2025-03-19
  • Contact: Peng Liu, Dongju Zhang E-mail:liupeng@qfnu.edu.cn;zhangdj@sdu.edu.cn

摘要: 酯化反应是一类重要的化学反应类型,通常指醇与羧酸在酸催化下脱水生成酯的反应。本文以几个典型的酯化反应为例,通过量子化学计算,在分子层次上深入探讨了加成-消除、碳正离子和酰基正离子等三种常见的酯化反应机理,分析了反应的热力学和动力学性质。计算结果为理解有机化学教材中关于酯化反应的定性描述,如“酯化反应机理与羧酸和醇的类型有关”“酯化反应中酸脱羟基醇脱氢”“酯化反应速度较慢且为可逆反应”等,提供了直观物理图像和定量支持,有助于学生更深入全面地理解酯化反应。本文可作为引导本科生学习计算化学的教学案例,突出计算化学在解析物质结构与性能关系方面的重要作用。

关键词: 酯化反应, 羧酸, 醇, 反应机理, 量子化学计算

Abstract: Esterification reactions are an important class of chemical reactions, typically involving the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids under acid catalysis to form esters via dehydration. This paper uses several typical esterification reactions as examples and explore three common esterification mechanisms at the molecular level: addition-elimination, carbocation, and acyl cation mechanisms. Both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reactions are examined. The calculated results provide intuitive physical images and quantitative support for understanding qualitative descriptions of esterification reactions found in organic chemistry textbooks, such as “The mechanism of esterification reaction depends on the types of carboxylic acids and alcohols”, “The acid eliminates the hydroxyl group, and the alcohol loses a hydrogen atom in esterification reaction”, and “Esterification reactions are slow and reversible”. These findings offer students a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of esterification reactions. This paper can serve as a teaching case to guide undergraduates in learning computational chemistry, emphasizing the important role of computational chemistry in elucidating the relationship between molecular structures and properties.

Key words: Esterification reaction, Carboxylic acid, Alcohol, Reaction mechanism, Quantum chemical calculations