有机磷化合物在锂离子电池阻燃电解液中的应用

doi:10.12461/PKU.DXHX202606124

大学化学

有机磷化合物在锂离子电池阻燃电解液中的应用

徐志培¹, 严振华², 苗志伟¹, 林维晟³

1 南开大学化学学院, 元素有机化学全国重点实验室, 天津 300071;
2 南开大学化学学院, 特种化学电源全国重点实验室, 天津 300071;
3 武夷学院生态与资源工程学院, 福建武夷山 354300

收稿日期:2026-06-29 录用日期:2026-08-13
通讯作者: 苗志伟, 严振华 E-mail:miaozhiwei@nankai.edu.cn;yzh@nankai.edu.cn Weisheng Lin, Zhiwei Miao
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(63251188)；天津市自然科学基金项目(24JCYBJC01960)

Application of organic phosphorus compounds in flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

Zhipei Xu¹, Zhenhua Yan², Zhiwei Miao¹, Weisheng Lin³

1 State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
3 Department of Ecological and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, Fujian Province, China

Received:2026-06-29 Accepted:2026-08-13
Contact: Weisheng Lin, Zhiwei Miao E-mail:miaozhiwei@nankai.edu.cn;yzh@nankai.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有机磷化合物因具有独特的电子结构、优异的阻燃性能和灵活的结构可设计性，在功能材料领域受到广泛关注。近年来，有机磷化合物在锂离子电池电解液中的应用已由单一阻燃逐步拓展至界面调控、溶剂化结构优化和电化学稳定性提升等方面，成为构筑高安全多功能电解液的重要分子骨架。本文面向本科有机磷化学与电化学相关教学，结合能源材料研究前沿，介绍锂离子电池热失控过程及有机磷化合物阻燃机制，系统综述磷(V)和磷(III)化合物在阻燃电解液中的代表性应用，并比较其阻燃效果、电化学兼容性和界面调控作用。本综述旨在帮助学生理解有机磷化学、电化学与功能材料之间的内在联系，认识基础理论在电池安全设计中的应用价值，并进一步理解有机磷化合物在高安全电解液构筑中的作用。

关键词: 有机磷化合物, 锂离子电池, 阻燃电解液, 阻燃机制

Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds have garnered significant attention in the field of functional materials due to their distinctive electronic structures, outstanding flame-retardant properties, and versatile structural designability. In recent years, their role in lithium-ion battery electrolytes has evolved from conventional flame retardancy to encompass interfacial modulation, solvation structure optimization, and enhanced electrochemical stability, establishing them as key molecular platforms for developing high-safety, multifunctional electrolytes. Aimed at undergraduate education in organophosphorus chemistry and electrochemistry, and grounded in cutting-edge energy materials research, this review introduces the thermal runaway processes in lithium-ion batteries and the flame-retardant mechanisms of organophosphorus compounds. It systematically examines representative applications of phosphorus(V) and phosphorus(III) compounds in flame-retardant electrolytes, comparing their flame-retardant efficacy, electrochemical compatibility, and interfacial regulation capabilities. This review is intended to deepen students' understanding of the interconnections among organophosphorus chemistry, electrochemistry, and functional materials, highlight the practical relevance of fundamental chemical principles in battery safety design, and elucidate the contributions of organophosphorus compounds to the construction of safe electrolyte systems.

Key words: Organic phosphorus compounds, Lithium-ion battery, Flame-retardant electrolyte, Flame-retardant mechanism

徐志培, 严振华, 苗志伟, 林维晟. 有机磷化合物在锂离子电池阻燃电解液中的应用[J]. 大学化学, 2026, (): 2606124.

Zhipei Xu, Zhenhua Yan, Zhiwei Miao, Weisheng Lin. Application of organic phosphorus compounds in flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. University Chemistry, 2026, (): 2606124.

链接本文: https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.12461/PKU.DXHX202606124

https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/2606124

参考文献

[1] D. Zhu, Y. Ren, Y. Yu, L. Zhang, Y. Wan, H. Wang, W. Gao, B. Han, L. Zhang, ChemElectroChem 2023, 10(8), e202300009.
[2] X. Feng, M. Ouyang, X. Liu, L. Lu, Y. Xia, X. He, Energy Storage Mater. 2018, 10, 246.
[3] 高振昊, 任向征, 苗志伟. 化学通报, 2021, 84(11), 1191.
[4] 许高洁, 王晓, 陆迪, 姜苗苗, 黄苏琪, 上官雪慧, 崔光磊. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6), 1040.
[5] 夏兰, 余林颇, 胡笛, 陈政. 化学学报, 2017, 75(12), 1183.
[6] 周颖, 吴晨, 朱晓龙, 詹忞之, 杨汉西, 钱江锋. 物理化学学报, 2021, 37(2), 2008044.
[7] J. Yang, X. Liu, H. Chen, Z. Wang, R. Cao, Z. Xie, W. Chen, X. Liang, J. Feng, X. Ai, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64(51), e202516637.
[8] 杜奥冰, 柴敬超, 张建军, 刘志宏, 崔光磊. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(5), 627.
[9] 王丰晓, 袁耀锋, 苗志伟. 大学化学, 2025, 40(8), 158.
[10] 魏榕, 王学, 于水欢, 姚哲侃, 苗志伟. 大学化学, 2021, 36(2), 1912043.
[11] 黄晓玲, 范瑞兰. 大学化学, 2025, 40(8), 181.
[12] J.H. Kim, J.H. Hyun, S. Kim, W.H. Park, S.H. Yu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2025, 15(23), 2500587.
[13] Y.K. Liu, C.Z. Zhao, J. Du, X.Q. Zhang, A.B. Chen, Q. Zhang, Small 2023, 19(8), e2205315.
[14] C. Cao, Y. Zhong, Z. Shao, Chin. J. Chem. 2023, 41(9), 1119.
[15] J. Kalhoff, G.G. Eshetu, D. Bresser, S. Passerini, ChemSusChem 2015, 8(13), 2154.
[16] S.E. Sloop, J.K. Pugh, S. Wang, J.B. Kerr, K. Kinoshita, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 2001, 4(4), A42.
[17] P.J. Bugryniec, E.G. Resendiz, S.M. Nwophoke, S. Khanna, C. James, S.F. Brown, J. Energy Storage 2024, 87, 111288.
[18] B. Schartel, Materials 2010, 3(10), 4710.
[19] K. Xu, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104(10), 4303.
[20] F. Xu, X. Cai, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Wang, N. Zhang, S. Li, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5(9), 11370.
[21] Y. Zhu, X. Luo, H. Zhi, Y. Liao, L. Xing, M. Xu, X. Liu, K. Xu, W. Li, J. Mater. Chem. 2018, 6(23), 10990.
[22] J. Zheng, X. Li, Y. Yu, X. Feng, Y. Zhao, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2014, 117(1), 319.
[23] W. Zhang, X. Feng, W. Huang, L. Lu, H. Wang, L. Wang, X. He, M. Wei, M. Ouyang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35(48), 2508688.
[24] L. Zhu, D. Zhang, Z. Li, R. Ge, B. Wan, Q. Tian, P. Xu, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2024, 28(12), 4294.
[25] P. Xi, F. Sun, X. Tang, X. Fan, G. Cong, Z. Lu, Q. Zhuo, Processes 2025, 13(7), 2248.