大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (9): 210-216.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507024

科普 上一篇    下一篇

水仙子的下凡之旅——水相图的解码

张珍, 马小丽, 牛誉迪, 岳可芬   

  1. 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心, 陕西 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-09-04 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 岳可芬 E-mail:ykflyy@nwu.edu.cn Kefen Yue
  • 基金资助:
    西北大学教师思想政治和师德师风建设研究课题(XD2025SD09,XD2024SD10)；西北大学2023本科人才培养项目(XM05232381)

The water fairy's descent: decoding the phase diagram of water

Zhen Zhang, Xiaoli Ma, Yudi Niu, Kefen Yue   

  1. National Chemistry Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-09-04 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Kefen Yue E-mail:ykflyy@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： 水在人们的生产生活中以固、液、气三种相态存在，如何用科学知识解读水的不同形态变换是本文聚焦的问题。从物理化学的角度出发，以“水仙子”的视角展开全文。文中水仙子以旁观者的身份体验不同形态水的故事，将其所见所闻与水的相图进行结合，逐渐揭开了水相图的神秘面纱。希望帮助读者更好地理解水相图，以水相图为工具指导生产生活。

关键词: 水, 水相图, 温度, 压强, 科普

Abstract: Water exists in three fundamental states—solid, liquid, and gas—playing vital roles in human production and daily life. This article elucidates the scientific principles underlying water's phase transformations through a unique narrative approach. Adopting a physical chemistry perspective, we present the journey of “the water fairy” as she observes and interprets water's various states. By correlating her experiences with the water phase diagram, the fairy gradually demystifies this important thermodynamic tool. This exposition aims to enhance readers' understanding of phase diagrams and demonstrate their practical applications in guiding industrial processes and everyday life.

Key words: Water, Water phase diagram, Temperature, Pressure, Popular science