大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (8): 291-297.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410053

化学实验 上一篇    下一篇

化学实验室常见安全事故应急处置的思考与建议

赵卫光   

  1. 南开大学化学学院, 元素有机化学研究所, 天津 300071
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15 录用日期:2025-01-03 发布日期:2025-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵卫光 E-mail:zwg@nankai.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    南开大学2022年本科教育教学改革思政课建设项目(NKJG2022028)；南开大学化学学院2021年本科教育教学改革一流课程建设项目

Reflections and Recommendations on Emergency Response to Common Safety Incidents in Chemical Laboratories

Weiguang Zhao   

  1. Institute of Element-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
  • Received:2024-10-15 Accepted:2025-01-03 Published:2025-07-19
  • Contact: Weiguang Zhao E-mail:zwg@nankai.edu.cn

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摘要： 实验室安全事故发生后，错误的处置措施会导致安全事故的升级，造成严重的人身伤害和财产损失，因此，将安全事故的应急处置教育纳入到实验室安全教育体系是十分必要的。本文结合经验和相关文献，对实验室安全事故应急设施存在的一些隐患和常见安全事故的应急处置方法提出了一些建议，并针对不同安全事故，提出了应急处置的四大原则，即瞬时自救原则、1分钟冷静原则、控制原则和立即撤离原则。

关键词: 化学, 实验室, 安全, 应急处置

Abstract: In the event of laboratory safety incidents, improper response measures may exacerbate the situation, potentially leading to severe personal injuries and substantial property damage. Consequently, integrating emergency response training into the laboratory safety education framework is imperative. Drawing upon practical experience and relevant literature, this paper identifies potential risks associated with emergency facilities in laboratories and proposes effective response strategies for common safety incidents. Furthermore, it establishes four fundamental principles for emergency response tailored to various types of incidents: the Immediate Self-Rescue Principle, the One-Minute Calmness Principle, the Control Principle, and the Immediate Evacuation Principle.

Key words: Chemistry, Laboratory, Safety, Emergency response