大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (10): 277-286.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202510006

化学实验 上一篇    

振动样品磁强计在磁化率测量中的应用

沈康宇, 罗佳, 邱滢, 王艳, 李超超, 彭明丽, 刘哲, 岳可芬, 樊海明   

  1. 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 陕西 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 录用日期:2025-11-24 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 彭明丽, 樊海明 E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(22072115)；陕西省自然科学基金重点研发项目(2024SF-YBXM-408)；西北大学本科人才培养建设项目(XM05232381)；西北大学2025教师思想政治和师德师风建设研究课题(XD2025SD09)

Application of vibrating sample magnetometer in the magnetic susceptibility measurement

Kangyu Shen, Jia Luo, Ying Qiu, Yan Wang, Chaochao Li, Mingli Peng, Zhe Liu, Kefen Yue, Haiming Fan   

  1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Accepted:2025-11-24 Published:2026-10-13
  • Contact: Mingli Peng, Haiming Fan E-mail:mlpeng@nwu.edu.cn;fanhm@nwu.edu.cn

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摘要： 古埃磁天平法测定配合物磁化率是大多数高校物理化学实验中常用的测定磁化率方法，具有设备简单、操作容易等特点。但其繁琐的数据处理和大样品量的需求，无法满足近年来磁性材料发展的需求。而振动样品磁强计(VSM)因其具有结构简单、精确可靠、测试方便、样品用量少以及用途广泛等优点而成为检测物质内禀磁特性的通用设备。作为表征材料静态磁特性最常用的设备之一，VSM也成为高等学校和科研院所的常见仪器设备。因此，将振动样品磁强计用于本科物理化学实验教学中，不仅能够拓展物理化学实验的前沿性，加强实验教学与科研的紧密结合度，也能提高学生对于物质磁学性能的认识。本文介绍了VSM的工作原理，对VSM测定磁化率的试剂、实验方法和操作步骤进行说明；结合VSM数据处理，对古埃磁天平法和VSM测定配合物磁化率的实验结果进行对比，从而说明VSM测定配合物磁化率的特点；通过绘制超顺磁性纳米材料Fe3O4磁滞回线，介绍超顺磁性的概念以及定义，拓展了学生对材料磁学性质的认识范围，培养学生对磁性材料的研究兴趣。

关键词: 磁化率, 古埃磁天平, 振动样品磁强计, 磁滞回线, 超顺磁性

Abstract: The Gouy magnetic balance method has been conventionally employed in most universities for determining magnetic susceptibility of coordination compounds in physical chemistry experiments, characterized by its simple apparatus and operational ease. However, its cumbersome data processing requirements and substantial sample quantities fail to meet contemporary demands in magnetic material development. In contrast, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) has emerged as a versatile instrument for characterizing intrinsic magnetic properties, owing to its structural simplicity, measurement precision, convenient operation, minimal sample requirements, and broad applicability. As one of the most prevalent instruments for assessing static magnetic characteristics, VSM has become standard equipment in academic and research institutions. Incorporating VSM into undergraduate physical chemistry laboratories not only enhances the curriculum’s cutting-edge relevance and strengthens the integration between teaching and research, but also deepens students’ understanding of magnetic phenomena. This paper first elucidates the operational principles of VSM, followed by detailed descriptions of reagents, methodologies, and procedures for magnetic susceptibility determination. Subsequently, comparative analysis between Gouy balance and VSM measurement results is presented through data processing. Furthermore, the hysteresis loop of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles is examined to introduce fundamental concepts of superparamagnetism, thereby expanding students’ comprehension of magnetic material properties and stimulating research interest in this field.

Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, Gouy magnetic balance, Vibrating sample magnetometer, Hysteresis loop, Superparamagnetics