大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (10): 163-173.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202509076

科普 上一篇    

揭秘“定向导液”神奇布料：科普非对称润湿性织物的制备与应用

赵亚萍, 赵露雯, 李明珠, 沈金霖, 张玉环, 闫新来, 张智, 杨卓   

  1. 东华大学化学与化工学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17 录用日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 赵亚萍 E-mail:zhaoyping@dhu.edu.cn Yaping Zhao
  • 基金资助:
    2022年上海高等学校一流本科课程(物理化学)

Unveiling the miraculous fabric of “directional liquid delivery”: popularizing the fabrication and application of asymmetric wetting textiles

Yaping Zhao, Luwen Zhao, Mingzhu Li, Jinlin Shen, Yuhuan Zhang, Xinlai Yan, Zhi Zhang, Zhuo Yang   

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2025-09-17 Accepted:2025-11-20 Published:2026-10-13
  • Contact: Yaping Zhao E-mail:zhaoyping@dhu.edu.cn

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摘要： 聚焦自然界定向液体传输(DLT)现象，本实验以棉织物为基体，通过低成本化学改性构建非对称润湿性界面(一侧亲水、一侧疏水)，揭示“定向导液”背后的表面化学原理。结合贻贝仿生黏附(儿茶酚与聚乙烯亚胺改性实现亲水层)与荷叶效应模拟(聚二甲基硅氧烷与二氧化硅构建疏水层)，利用接触角、表面张力等核心概念，解析润湿性差异与微观结构对液体定向传输的驱动机制。科普内容通过梯度化实验体系覆盖多元受众，将抽象的界面化学知识转化为可触可感的实践体验，为科普教育与前沿材料技术的衔接提供实践范式。

关键词: 非对称润湿性, 定向液体传输, 仿生改性, 表面化学

Abstract: This study investigates the natural phenomenon of directed liquid transport (DLT) by constructing an asymmetric wetting interface (hydrophilic-hydrophobic) on cotton fabric through cost-effective chemical modification. The research elucidates the underlying surface chemistry principles of directional liquid transport, integrating mussel-inspired adhesion (achieved via catechol-polyethyleneimine modification for hydrophilic layer formation) with lotus leaf effect simulation (employing polydimethylsiloxane-silica composites for hydrophobic layer construction). Through fundamental concepts including contact angle and surface tension analysis, we demonstrate how wettability gradients and microstructural features drive directional liquid transport. The popular science approach employs a tiered experimental system to engage diverse audiences, effectively translating abstract interfacial chemistry concepts into hands-on learning experiences. This work establishes a practical framework for bridging science education with advanced materials technology.

Key words: Asymmetric wettability, Directional liquid transfer, Biomimetic modification, Surface chemistry