大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (9): 244-249.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508097

科普 上一篇    下一篇

像素王国英雄传——显示技术LCD、OLED原理浅析及应用介绍

于可欣1, 卢伊娜1, 周靓1, 尚芸仪1, 李林洁1, 王毅梦2, 王会1   

  1. 1 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 教育部合成与天然功能分子重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710127;
    2 商洛学院化学工程与现代材料学院, 陕西 商洛 726000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 录用日期:2025-09-29 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 王会, 王毅梦 E-mail:whui210@nwu.edu.cn;231033@slxy.edu.cn Hui Wang, Yimeng Wang
  • 基金资助:
    陕西基础科学(化学、生物学)研究院青年项目(23JHQ015)

The legend of heroes in pixel kingdom: principles and applications of LCD and OLED display technologies

Kexin Yu1, Yina Lu1, Liang Zhou1, Yunyi Shang1, Linjie Li1, Yimeng Wang2, Hui Wang1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi Province, China;
    2 School of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Accepted:2025-09-29 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Hui Wang, Yimeng Wang E-mail:whui210@nwu.edu.cn;231033@slxy.edu.cn

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摘要： 随着信息技术的迭代更新，人类已跃入万物互联的数字化时代，而“万物互联”则更多地需要通过“显示屏”来表达。本文以“像素王国”拟人化的视角解析了当今两大主流显示技术——LCD (液晶显示)和OLED (有机发光二极管)的特性与竞争格局。文章详述了LCD、OLED的工作原理，液晶材料、有机电致发光材料的分类，以及它们不同的应用特点。最后结合应用场景，分析两类技术在手机终端市场的渗透逻辑，以期为读者提供显示技术发展的全景式科普。

关键词: 显示技术原理, LCD, OLED, 有机液晶材料, 有机电致发光材料

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of information technology, humanity has entered a digital era characterized by ubiquitous connectivity, where “screens” serve as the primary medium for this interconnectedness. This article employs the anthropomorphic concept of “Pixel Kingdom” to examine the characteristics and competitive dynamics of two dominant display technologies: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode). The work systematically elaborates on their operational principles, classifies liquid crystal materials and organic electroluminescent materials, and compares their distinct application features. Through analysis of practical application scenarios, the study further investigates the market penetration strategies of both technologies in mobile device markets, providing readers with a comprehensive overview of display technology evolution.

Key words: Principles of display technology, LCD, OLED, Organic liquid crystal material, Organic electroluminescent material