大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (12): 183-186.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508007

师生笔谈 上一篇    下一篇

几种常见芳香化合物的稳定构象

许家喜1, 麻远2   

  1. 1 北京化工大学化学学院, 北京 100029;
    2 清华大学化学系, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 录用日期:2025-10-21 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 许家喜 E-mail:jxxu@mail.buct.edu.cn Jiaxi Xu
  • 基金资助:
    中山大学教学质量与教学改革工程类项目(31000-12220011)

Stable Conformation of Several Common Aromatic Compounds

Jiaxi Xu1, Yuan Ma2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
    2 Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Accepted:2025-10-21 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Jiaxi Xu E-mail:jxxu@mail.buct.edu.cn

摘要: 芳香化合物的稳定构象是有机化学教学中的基本内容,对于讨论和判断芳香化合物的酸碱性和亲电反应的活性非常重要。现行教材中并没有很好地解释芳香化合物稳定构象的差别及其形成原因。本文通过分析不同芳香化合物中n-π66共轭效应和n-σ*超共轭效应作用的强弱差别,以及氢键的参与作用,阐述和解释了几种常见的芳香化合物,如苯酚、苯胺、苯甲醚和三氟甲基苯基醚稳定构象的变化规律及形成原因。通过对多种电子效应和分子间相互作用的综合分析可以更好地理解这几类芳香化合物的稳定构象及其形成原因。

关键词: 苯酚, 苯胺, 苯甲醚, 三氟甲基苯基醚, 稳定构象, 超共轭效应

Abstract: The stable conformations of aromatic compounds constitute fundamental contents in teaching organic chemistry. They play a crucial role to discuss and to identify acidity/basicity and reactive activity in the aromatic electrophilic substitution of these compounds. Current textbooks inadequately explain the variation in stable conformations of different aromatic compounds and their underlying causes. This study systematically examines several representative aromatic compounds, including phenol, anisole, aniline, and trifluoromethylbenzene, by analyzing the relative strengths of their n-π66 conjugation and n-σ* hyperconjugation, as well as the involvement of hydrogen-bonding interactions. Through comprehensive evaluation of these electronic effects and intermolecular interactions, we elucidate the formations preferences and rationale their formation origins in these aromatic systems.

Key words: Phenol, Aniline, Anisole, (Trifluoromethoxy) benzene, Stable conformation, Hyperconjugation effect