大学化学 >> 2019, Vol. 34 >> Issue (9): 116-120.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903031

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解读《有机化合物命名原则-2017》——新老命名原则的比较及常见取代基的命名

马宁,王光伟*(),张文勤*()   

  • 收稿日期:2019-03-31 录用日期:2019-05-13 发布日期:2019-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 王光伟,张文勤 E-mail:wanggw@tju.edu.cn;wqzhang@tju.edu.cn

Explanation of "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds-2017": Comparison of Nomenclature Rules and Nomenclature of Common Substituent Groups

Ning MA,Guangwei WANG*(),Wenqin ZHANG*()   

  • Received:2019-03-31 Accepted:2019-05-13 Published:2019-05-24
  • Contact: Guangwei WANG,Wenqin ZHANG E-mail:wanggw@tju.edu.cn;wqzhang@tju.edu.cn

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摘要：

对中国化学会新修订的《有机化合物命名原则-2017》与《有机化学命名原则》（1980）的不同之处进行解读，对取代基命名的基本原则、取代基碳链编号的方式进行了归纳、分析，整理汇总了本科有机化学教学中常见取代基的名称，便于大家教学和交流。提出了有机化合物命名的系统化、规范化、简单化、一致化及“向后看齐”等原则，取代基碳骨架无特殊编号规定时采用基碳原子编号为1的方案，仅保留少数取代基俗名（普通名），对于甲酰基相关基团的命名提出了建议。

关键词: 有机化合物, 命名, 取代基

Abstract:

The differences between "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds-2017" and "Nonmenclature of Organic Chemistry (1980)" issued by Chinese Chemical Society are described. The general principles and numbering methods for naming substituent groups commonly used in organic chemistry for undergraduates are analyzed and explained; the proper systematic names are recommended to benefit classroom teaching and academic communication. Moreover, the principles such as systemization, standardization, simplification, uniformization, and "looking afterward" are proposed. Some recommendations are further presented:1) numbering the carbon skeleton of the substituent without compulsory numbering rule always begins at the point of attachment; 2) only preserving a minority of trivial names (common names); 3) naming methanoyl (formyl)-analogue groups following the name of methanoyl.

Key words: Organic compounds, Nomenclature, Substituent group