大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (1): 67-74.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403004

所属专题： 大中衔接-化学专业入门教育

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电化学系列基础实验设计

张涛1, 宗蒙1, 凌博恺1, 饶衡2, 闫毅1, 陈凯杰1   

  1. 1 西北工业大学化学与化工学院, 西安 710072;
    2 吉林大学化学学院, 无机合成与制备化学国家重点实验室, 长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-03 录用日期:2024-04-02 发布日期:2025-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 闫毅, 陈凯杰 E-mail:yanyi@nwpu.edu.cn;ckjiscon@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金资助(2022M712585)；无机合成与制备化学国家重点实验室(吉林大学)开放课题基金(2024-28)；西北工业大学教育教学改革研究项目(2024JGWZ07,2024244053,2023JGZ20)；西北工业大学课程建设项目(PX-27232415)；教育部产学合作协同育人项目(2023JGZ20)；研究生教育研究基金项目(2023YMs018)；研究生教育综合改革发展创新项目(KCJG202408)；研究生培养质量提升项目(24GZ210101)

Design of a Series of Fundamental Electrochemical Experiments

Tao Zhang1, Meng Zong1, Bokai Ling1, Heng Rao2, Yi Yan1, Kaijie Chen1   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
  • Received:2024-03-03 Accepted:2024-04-02 Published:2025-01-06
  • Contact: Yi Yan, Kaijie Chen E-mail:yanyi@nwpu.edu.cn;ckjiscon@nwpu.edu.cn

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摘要： 电化学相关的储能、电催化二氧化碳转化、电解水产氢等是助力我国早日实现双碳目标的重要技术，另一方面电化学也是高中化学、大学化学、无机化学和物理化学等学科的核心知识点之一。因此为了加深学生对电化学知识的理解和运用，我们设计了电化学系列综合实验。该系列综合实验包括原电池的组装、铁钉表面电镀铜、锌的析氢腐蚀、铁钉的阴极保护，涉及原电池、电镀池、电化学腐蚀等重要知识点，并且通过电压表读数、颜色变化、气泡生成等明显的现象表征反应的发生。该系列综合实验现象明显、重现性高、操作简便，实验设计环环相扣，不仅能够加深学生对于知识的理解，提升学生的动手能力，还能够引起学生对化学学科的兴趣，激起学生探索化学世界的好奇心。该系列综合实验可作为高中化学教学的展示实验，也可作为理工科非化学专业一年级、二年级本科生的实验教学内容。

关键词: 电化学, 基础实验, 原电池, 电镀池, 电化学腐蚀

Abstract: Electrochemical technologies, such as energy storage, electrochemical CO2 conversion, and hydrogen production through water electrolysis, are crucial for helping our country achieve its dual carbon goals. Additionally, electrochemistry is a core concept in high school and university-level chemistry, including inorganic and physical chemistry. To enhance students’ understanding and application of electrochemical knowledge, we have designed a comprehensive series of electrochemical experiments. These experiments include the assembly of a galvanic cell, copper electroplating on an iron nail, hydrogen evolution corrosion of zinc, and the cathodic protection of an iron nail. They cover key electrochemical principles such as galvanic cells, electrolytic cells, and electrochemical corrosion. Observable phenomena like voltmeter readings, color changes, and bubble formation are used to indicate the reactions. The experiments are designed to be clear, reproducible, and easy to perform, thereby deepening students’ comprehension, enhancing their practical skills, and sparking their interest in chemistry. This series of experiments can serve as demonstration experiments in high school chemistry classes and as part of the laboratory curriculum for first- and second-year undergraduate students in non-chemistry science and engineering majors.

Key words: Electrochemistry, Fundamental experiments, Galvanic cell, Electrolytic cell, Electrochemical corrosion